1887

Abstract

SUMMARY

Visna virus could be recovered from peripheral blood leukocytes of sheep for years after intracerebral inoculation. Viruses recovered from sheep prior to and several months after development of antibody were antigenically identical to the parental strain used for inoculation. Subsequently, mutant viruses which were not neutralized by the animals’ sera were obtained. Longitudinal studies of leukocyte viruses collected from two infected sheep showed that more than one strain of virus could co-exist in the animal. Virus neutralization tests using sequentially collected sera and the viruses recovered from leukocytes revealed a sequential development of antibody to parental and then to each strain of mutant virus. Characterization of two of the mutant viruses showed that they were antigenically stable, virulent in cell culture and when inoculated into new sheep, elicited antibodies which cross reacted with the parental virus from which they were derived. This continuous mutation of Visna virus in persistently infected sheep may be a mechanism for the production of chronic disease.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-41-2-343
1978-11-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/41/2/JV0410020343.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-41-2-343&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Brown K. N. 1974; Antigenic variation and immunity to malaria in parasites in the immunized host: mechanisms of survival. Ciba Foundation Symposium 25 35 51 Amsterdam: Associated Scientific Publishers;
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Griffin D. E., Narayan O., Adams R. J. 1978a; Early immune responses in Visna, a slow virus infection of sheep. Journal of Infectious Diseases (in the press)
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Griffin D. E., Narayan O., Bukowski J. F., Adams R. J., Cohen S. R. 1978b; The cerebrospinal fluid in Visna, a slow viral disease of sheep. Annals of Neurology (in the press)
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Haase A. T., Stowring L., Narayan O., Griffin D. E., Price D. 1977; Slow persistent infection caused by Visna virus: role of host restriction. Science 195 175 177
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Haase A. T., Varmus H. E. 1973; Demonstration of DNA provirus in the lytic growth of Visna virus. Nature New Biology 245 237 239
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Hotchin J. 1971; Tolerance to lymphocytic choriomeningitis. Virus Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 181 159 182
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Imagawa D. T. 1968; Relationship among measles canine distemper and Rinderpest viruses. Progress in Medical Virology 10 160 193
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Johnson R. T., Ter Meulen V. 1978; Slow infections of the nervous system. Advances in Internal Medicine 23 353 383
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Kono Y., Kobayashi K., Funkunaga Y. 1973; Antigenic drift of equine infection anemia virus in chronically infected horses. Archives fur die gesamte Virusforschung 41 1 10
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Narayan O., Griffin D. E., Chase J. 1977a; Antigenic shift of Visna virus in persistently infected sheep. Science 197 376 378
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Narayan O., Griffin D. E., Silverstein A. M. 1977b; Slow virus infections: replication and mechanisms of persistence of Visna virus in sheep. Journal of Infectious Diseases 135 800 806
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Narayan O., Silverstein A. M., Price D., Johnson R. T. 1974; Visna virus infection of American lambs. Science 183 1202 1203
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Nathanson N., Panitch H., Palsson P. A., Petursson G., Georgsson G. 1976; Pathogenesis of Visna II. Effect of immunosuppression upon the early central nervous system lesions. Laboratory Investigation 35 444 451
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Olson G. B., Dent P. B., Rawls W. E., South M. A., Montgomery J. R., Melnick J. L., Good R. A. 1968; Abnormalities of in vitro lymphocyte responses during rubella virus infections. Journal of Experimental Medicine 138 47 68
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Petursson G. L., Nathanson N., Georgsson G., Panitch H., Palsson P. A. 1976; Pathogenesis of Visna. I. Sequential virologic, serologic and pathologic studies. Laboratory Investigation 35 402 412
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Schulman J. L., Kilbourne E. D. 1965; Induction of partial specific heterotypic immunity in mice by a single infection with influenza A virus. Journal of Bacteriology 89 170 174
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Sigurdsson B., Palsson P. A., Grissom H. 1957; Visna, a demyelinating transmissible disease of sheep. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 16 389 403
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Sigurdsson B., Palsson P. A., Van Bogaert L. 1962; Pathology of Visna. Acta Neuropathologica 1 343 362
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Vickerman K. 1974; Antigenic variation in African trypanosomes. In Parasites in the Immunized Host:Mechanisms of Survival. Ciba Foundation Symposium 25 53 80 Amsterdam: Associated Scientific Publishers;
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Weiner L. P., Narayan O. 1974; Virologie studies of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Progress in Medical Virology 18 229 240
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-41-2-343
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-41-2-343
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error