1887

Abstract

The sequence of the 2000 nucleotides immediately upstream of the polyhedrin gene of the multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus has been determined. Comparative analysis of the data identified a 603 nucleotide open reading frame (ORF) separated from the polyhedrin gene coding sequences by 156 nucleotides and in the opposite strand of DNA. Northern hybridization analysis of polyadenylated RNA from infected cells highlighted a 3·7 kb species produced maximally at 12 h postinfection, but not in the presence of cycloheximide. Preliminary nuclease SI analysis of the 5′ end of this RNA suggested that it initiated at a position very close to that of the polyhedrin mRNA start site. Deletion of a portion of the ORF 603 from viruses containing the normal polyhedrin gene and the gene in lieu of polyhedrin did not affect replication in cell culture or the production of -galactosidase protein. A virus which lacked the ORF 603 gene but produced polyhedrin had similar infectivity in larvae compared the wild-type virus. The chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene was also inserted in lieu of the ORF 603 in a virus containing the gene instead of the polyhedrin (Ac.CAT.). Analysis of CAT expression revealed that a maximum level was reached at 16 h p.i. and that transcription was initiated in Ac. CAT at the same site as for the normal gene.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-71-2-251
1990-02-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/71/2/JV0710020251.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-71-2-251&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Adang M. J., Miller L. K. 1982; Molecular cloning of DNA complementary to mRNA of the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus: location and gene products of RNA transcripts found late in infection. Journal of Virology 44:782–793
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Aviv H., Leder P. 1972; Purification of biologically active globin messenger RNA by chromatography on oligothymidylic acid-cellulose. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 69:1408–1412
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bailey J. M., Davidson N. 1976; Methylmercury as a reversible denaturing agent for agarose gel electrophoresis. Analytical Bio-chemistry 70:75–85
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Brown M., Faulkner P. 1977; A plaque assay for nuclear polyhedrosis viruses using a solid overlay. Journal of General Virology 36:361–364
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Carson D. D., Guarino L. A., Summers M. D. 1988; Functional mapping of an AcNPV immediate early gene which augments expression of the IE-1 trans-activated 39K gene. Virology 162:444–451
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Cochran M. A., Carstens E. B., Eaton B. T., Faulkner P. 1982; Molecular cloning and physical mapping of restriction endonuclease fragments of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus DNA. Journal of Virology 45:961–960
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Evans H. F., Lomer C. J., Kelly D. C. 1981; Growth of nuclear polyhedrosis virus in larvae of the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae L. Archives of Virology 70:207–214
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Finney D. J. 1971 Probit Analysis, 3rd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Friesen P. D., Miller L. K. 1985; Temporal regulation of baculovirus RNA: overlapping early and late transcripts. Journal of Virology 54:392–400
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Friesen P. D., Rice W. C., Miller D. W., Miller L. K. 1986; Bidirectional transcription from a long solo terminal repeat of the retrotransposon TED: symmetrical RNA start sites. Molecular and Cellular Biology 6:1599–1607
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Fuchs L. Y., Woods M. S., Weaver R. F. 1983; Viral transcription during Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus infection: a novel RNA polymerase induced in infected Spodoptera frugiperda cells. Journal of Virology 48:641–646
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Gorman C. M., Moffat L. F., Howard B. H. 1982; Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltrans-ferase in mammalian cells. Molecular and Cellular Biology 2:1044–1051
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Guarino L. A., Summers M. D. 1986a; Functional mapping of a (ram-activating gene required for expression of a baculovirus delayed-early gene. Journal of Virology 57:563–571
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Guarino L. A., Summers M. D. 1986b; Interspersed homologous DNA of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus enhances delayed-early gene expression. Journal of Virology 60:215–223
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Guarino L. A., Summers M. D. 1988; Functional mapping of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genes required for late gene expression. Journal of Virology 62:463–471
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Guarino L. A., Gonzalez M. A., Summers M. D. 1986; Complete sequence and enhancer function of the homologous DNA of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Journal of Virology 60:224–229
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Hoffman J. D., Lawson F. R., Yamamoto R. 1966; Tobacco hornworms. Insect Colonisation and Mass Production pp. 479–486 New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Hooft Van Iddekinge B. J. L., Smith G. E, Summers M. D. 1983; Nucleotide sequence of the polyhedrin gene of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Virology 131:561–565
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Howard S. C., Ayres M. D., Possee R. D. 1986; Mapping the 5′ and 3′ ends of Autographa californica polyhedrin mRNA. Virus Research 5:109–119
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Kelly D. C. 1985; The structure and physical characteristics of baculoviruses. In Viral Insecticides For Biological Control pp. 469–488 Maramorosch K., Sherman K. E. Edited by New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Kelly D. C., Lescott T. 1981; Baculovirus replication: protein synthesis in Spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with Trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Microbiologica 4:35–47
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Lübbert H., Doerfler W. 1984; Transcription of overlapping sets of RNAs from the genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus: a novel method for mapping RNAs. Journal of Virology 52:255–265
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Lübbert H., Kruczek I., Tjia S. T., Doerfler W. 1981; The cloned EcoRI fragments of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus DNA. Gene 16:343–345
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Luckow V. A., Summers M. D. 1988; Trends in the development of baculovirus expression vectors. Bio/Technology 6:47–55
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Mainprize T. H., Lee L., Miller L. K. 1986; Variation in the temporal expression of overlapping baculovirus transcripts. Virus Research 6:85–99
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Maniatis T., Fritsch E. F., Sambrook J. 1982 Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory;
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Matsuura Y., Possee R. D., Overton H. A., Bishop D. H. L. 1987; Baculovirus expression vectors: the requirements for high level expression of proteins, including glycoproteins. Journal of General Virology 68:1233–1250
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. 1980; Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base specific chemical cleavages. Methods in Enzymology 65:499–560
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Miller L. K. 1988; Baculoviruses as gene expression vectors. Annual Review of Microbiology 42:177–199
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Miller L. K., Dawes K. P. 1979; Physical map of the DNA genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Journal of Virology 29:1044–1045
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Oellig C., Happ B., Muller T., Doerfler W. 1987; Overlapping sets of viral RNAs reflect the array of polypeptides in the EcoRI J and N fragments (map positions 81.2 to 85.0) of the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome. Journal of Virology 61:3048–3057
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Possee R. D. 1986; Cell-surface expression of influenza virus haemagglutinin in insect cells using a baculovirus vector. Virus Research 5:43–59
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Possee R. D., Howard S. C. 1987; Analysis of the polyhedrin gene promoter of the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Nucleic Acids Research 15:10233–10248
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Possee R. D., Kelly D. C. 1988; Physical maps and comparative DNA hybridization of Mamestra brassicae and Panolis flammea nuclear polyhedrosis virus genomes. Journal of General Virology 69:1285–1298
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Rankin C., Ladin B. F., Weaver R. F. 1986; Physical mapping of temporally regulated, overlapping transcripts in the region of the 10K protein gene in Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Journal of Virology 57:18–27
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Rankin C., Ooi B. G., Miller L. K. 1988; Eight base pairs encompassing the transcriptional start point are the major determinants for baculovirus polyhedrin gene expression. Gene 70:39–49
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Rice W. C., Miller L. K. 1986; Baculovirus transcription in the presence of inhibitors and in nonpermissive Drosophila cells. Virus Research 6:155–172
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Rigby P. W. J., Dieckmann M., Rhodes C., Berg P. 1977; Labelling deoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I. Journal of Molecular Biology 113:237–251
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Rohel D. Z., Cochran M. A., Faulkner P. 1983; Characterization of two abundant mRNAs of Autographa califomica nuclear polyhedrosis virus present late in infection. Virology 124:357–365
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Smith G. E., Summers M. D. 1978; Analysis of baculovirus genomes with restriction endonucleases. Virology 89:517–527
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Smith G. E., Fraser M. J., Summers M. D. 1983a; Molecular engineering of the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome: deletion mutants within the polyhedrin gene. Journal of Virology 46:584–593
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Smith G. E., Vilak J. M., Summers J. D. 1983b; Physical analysis of Autographa califomica nuclear polyhedrosis virus transcripts for polyhedrin and 10,000-molecular weight protein. Journal of Virology 45:215–225
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Vaughn J. L., Goodwin R. H., Thompkins G. L., Mccawley P. 1977; The establishment of two cell lines from the insect Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In Vitro 13:213–217
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Vlak J. M., Smith G. E. 1982; Orientation of the genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus: a proposal. Journal of Virology 41:1118–1121
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Vlak J. M., Smith G. E., Summers M. D. 1981; Hybridization selection and in vitro translation of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus mRNA. Journal of Virology 40:762–771
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Weaver R. F., Weissmann C. 1979; Mapping of an RNA by a modification of the Berk-Sharp procedure: the 5′ termini of 15S (β-globin mRNA precursor and mature β-globin mRNA have identical map coordinates. Nucleic Acids Research 7:1175–1193
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Weyer U., Possee R. D. 1988; Functional analysis of the pl0 gene 5′ leader sequence of the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Nucleic Acids Research 16:3635–3653
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-71-2-251
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-71-2-251
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error