1887

Abstract

The long control region (LCR) of bovine papilloma-virus type 4 demonstrated enhancer activity when cloned upstream of a bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase reporter gene under thymidine kinase promoter control. Deletion analysis of the LCR revealed the presence of several positive and negative control elements, all of which could function independently of the viral E2 trans-activator. Each of the three positive elements present appeared to be paired with a negative element which modulated its activity. DNase I footprinting was used to identify protein binding sites within the LCR, which might represent these control elements. The results suggest a highly complex and finely tuned control of viral gene expression.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-72-4-877
1991-04-01
2024-04-20
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/72/4/JV0720040877.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-72-4-877&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Blessing M., Zentgraf H., Jorcano J. L. 1987; Differentially expressed bovine cytokeratin genes. Analysis of gene linkage and evolutionary conservation of 5′-upstream sequences. EMBO Journal 6:567–575
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Brady J., Radonovich M., Vodkin M., Natarajan V., Thoren M., Das G., Janik J., Salzman N. P. 1982; Site-specific base substitutions and deletion mutations that enhance or suppress transcription of the SV40 major late RNA. Cell 31:625–633
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Broker T. R., Botchan M. 1986; Papillomaviruses; retrospectives and prospectives. In Cancer Cells vol 4 pp 17–36 Edited by Botchan M., Grodzicker T., Sharp P. A. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory;
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Campo M. S., Moar M. H., Jarrett W. F. H., Laird H. M. 1980; A new papillomavirus associated with alimentary cancer in cattle. Nature, London 286:180–182
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Chin M. T., Broker T. R., Chow L. T. 1989; Identification of a novel constitutive enhancer element and an associated binding protein: implications for human papillomavirus type 11 enhancer regulation. Journal of Virology 63:2967–2976
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Cole S. T., Danos O. 1987; Nucleotide sequence and comparative analysis of the human papillomavirus type 18 genome. Phytogeny of papillomaviruses and repeated structure of the E6 and E7 gene products. Journal of Molecular Biology 193:599–608
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Cripe T. P., Haugen T. H., Turk J. P., Tabatabai F., Schmid P. G., Durst M., Gissmann L., Roman A., Turek L. P. 1987; Transcriptional regulation of the human papillomavirus 16 E6-E7 promoter by a keratinocyte-dependent enhancer, and by viral E2 trans-activator and repressor gene products: implications for cervical carcinogenesis. EMBO Journal 6:3745–3753
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Gaukroger J., Bradley A., O’Neil B., Smith K., Campo S., Jarrett W. 1989; Induction of virus-producing tumours in athymic nude mice by bovine papillomavirus type 4. Veterinary Record 125:391–392
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Gloss B., Chong T., Bernard H. U. 1989; Numerous nuclear proteins bind the tong control region of human papillomavirus type 16: a subset of 6 of 23 DNasel-protected segments coincides with the location of the cell-type-specific enhancer. Journal of Virology 63:1142–1152
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Goding C. R., O’Hare P. 1989; Herpes simplex virus Vmw65-octamer binding protein interaction: a paradigm for combinatorial control of transcription. Virology 173:363–367
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Gorman C. 1985; High efficiency gene transfer into mammalian cells. In DNA Cloning vol IIA Practical Approach pp 143–190 Edited by Glover D. M. Oxford & Washington, D.C.: IRL Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Hata A., Ohno S., Akita Y., Suzuki K. 1989; Tandemly reiterated negative enhancer-like elements regulate transcription of a human gene for the large subunit of calcium-dependent protease. Journal of Biological Chemistry 264:6404–6411
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Hennighausen L., Fleckenstein B. 1986; Nuclear factor 1 interacts with five DNA elements in the promoter region of human cytomegalovirus major immediate early gene. EMBO Journal 5:1367–1371
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Hermonat P. L., Spalholz B. A., Howley P. M. 1988; The bovine papillomavirus P2443 promoter is E2 trans-responsive: evidence for E2 autoregulation. EMBO Journal 7:2815–2822
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Hirochika H., Broker T. R., Chow L. T. 1987; Enhancers and trans-acting transcriptional factors of papillomaviruses. Journal of Virology 61:2599–2606
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Jaggar R. T., Pennie W. D., Smith K. T., Jackson M. E., Campo M. S. 1990; Cooperation between bovine papillomavirus type 4 and ras in the morphological transformation of primary bovine fibroblasts. Journal of Genera! Virology 71:3041–3046
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Jarrett W. F. H., McNeil P. E., Grimshaw T. R., Selman I. E., McIntyre W. I. M. 1978; High incidence area of cattle cancer with a possible interaction between an environmental carcinogen and a papillomavirus. Nature, London 274:215–217
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Kageyama R., Pastan I. 1989; Molecular cloning and characterisation of a human DNA binding factor that represses transcription. Cell 59:815–825
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Lambert P. F., Hubbert N. L., Howley P. M., Schiller J. T. 1989; Genetic assignment of multiple E2 gene products in bovine papillomavirus-transformed cells. Journal of Virology 63:3151–3154
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Lees E., Osborn K., Banks L., Crawford L. 1990; Transformation of primary BRK cells by human papillomavirus type 16 and EJ-ras is increased by overexpression of the viral E2 protein. Journal of General Virology 71:183–193
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Linz U., Baker C. C. 1988; Promoters of bovine papillomavirus type 1: in vitro activity and utilization. Journal of Virology 62:2537–2543
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Lusky M., Botchan M. R. 1984; Characterization of the bovine papillomavirus plasmid maintenance sequences. Cell 36:391–401
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Patel K. R., Smith K. T., Campo M. S. 1987; The nucleotide sequence and genome organization of bovine papillomavirus type 4. Journal of General Virology 68:2117–2128
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Reh H., Pfister H. 1990; Human papillomavirus type 8 contains cis-active positive and negative transcriptional control sequences. Journal of General Virology 71:2457–2462
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Sibbet G. J., Campo M. S. 1990; Multiple interactions between cellular factors and the non-coding region of human papillomavirus type 16. Journal of General Virology 71:2699–2707
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Sowden M., Harrison S., Ashfield R., Kingsman A. J., Kingsman S. M. 1989; Multiple cooperative interactions constrain BPV-1 E2 dependent activation of transcription. Nucleic Acids Research 17:2959–2972
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Spalholz B. A., Yang Y. C., Howley P. M. 1985; Transactivation of a bovine papillomavirus transcriptional regulatory element by the E2 gene product. Cell 42:183–191
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Stamps A. C., Campo M. S. 1988; Mapping of two novel transcripts of bovine papillomavirus type 4. Journal of General Virology 69:3033–3045
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Stenlund A., Botchan M. R. 1990; The E2 transactivator can act as a repressor by interfering with a cellular transcription factor. Genes and Development 4:123–136
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Thierry F., Yaniv M. 1987; The BPV1-E2 transacting protein can be either an activator or a repressor of the HPV18 regulatory region. EMBO Journal 6:3391–3397
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Wu T. C., Mounts P. 1988; Transcriptional regulatory elements in the noncoding region of human papillomavirus type 6. Journal of Virology 62:4722–4729
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Zur Hausen H. 1987; Papillomaviruses in human cancer. Cancer 59:1692–1696
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-72-4-877
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-72-4-877
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error