1887

Journal of General Virology header logo

Volume 73, Issue 4

Sequence analysis of the genes encoding the nucleocapsid protein and phosphoprotein (P) of phocid distemper virus, and editing of the P gene transcript Free

Abstract

The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of two genes of phocid distemper virus (PDV) were determined by cDNA cloning and sequencing. The long open reading frame of the gene encoding the nucleocapsid (N) protein is presented. As with other morbilliviruses, the phosphoprotein (P) gene of PDV was found to be located after the 5′ end of the N gene and before the 3′ end of the matrix protein gene. The P gene was shown to have the capacity to encode three distinct proteins, P, V and C, in analogy to other morbilliviruses. The results presented provide evidence for editing of the PDV P mRNA transcript by insertion of G residues. When the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the N, P, V and C genes were aligned with corresponding sequences of other established members of the morbillivirus genus, compelling homology was found between PDV and canine distemper virus (CDV), whereas there was markedly less similarity between PDV and measles virus or rinderpest virus. On the basis of the alignments presented, the estimated amino acid sequence similarity between the N and P genes of PDV and CDV was 84% and 76%, respectively. These differences at the genomic level indicate that the viruses are two separate entities.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
© Journal of General Virology 1992
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-73-4-885
1992-04-01
2024-04-25
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/73/4/JV0730040885.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-73-4-885&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Barrett T., Shrimpton S. B., Russell S. E. H. 1985; Nucleotide sequence of the entire protein coding region of canine distemper virus polymerase-associated (P) protein mRNA. Virus Research 3:367–372
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Barrett T., Subbarao S. M., Belsham G. J., Mahy B. W. J. 1991; The molecular biology of the morbilliviruses. In The Paramyxoviruses pp 83–102 Edited by Kingsbury D. W. London: Plenum Press;
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Bellini W. J., Englund G., Rozenblatt S., Arnheiter H., Richardson C. D. 1985; Measles virus P gene codes for two proteins. Journal of Virology 53:908–919
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Blixenkrone-Möller M., Svansson V., Have P., Bötner A. 1989; Infection studies in mink with seal-derived morbillivirus. Archives of Virology 106:165–170
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Blixenkrone-Möller M., Svansson V., Örvell C., Have P. 1990; Phocid distemper virus – a threat to terrestrial mammals?. Veterinary Record 127:263–264
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Blixenkrone-Möller M., Svansson V., Appel M., Krogsrud J., Have P., Örvell C. 1992; Antigenic relationships between field isolates of morbilliviruses from different carnivores. Archives of Virology (in press)
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Bostock C. J., Barrett T., Crowther J. R. 1990; Characterization of the European seal morbillivirus. Veterinary Microbiology 23:351–360
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Buckland R., Giraudon P., Wild F. 1989; Expression of measles virus nucleoprotein in Escherichia coli: use of deletion mutants to locate the antigenic sites. Journal of General Virology 70:435–441
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Cattaneo R., Kaelin K., Baczko K., Billeter M. A. 1989a; Measles virus editing provides an additional cysteine-rich protein. Cell 56:759–764
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Cattaneo R., Schmid A., Spielhofer P., Kaelin K., Baczko K., ter Meulen V., Pardowitz J., Flanagan S., Rima B., Udem S., Billeter M. A. 1989b; Mutated and hypermutated genes of persistent measles viruses which caused lethal human brain diseases. Virology 173:415–425
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Cosby S. L., McQuaid S., Duffy N., Lyons C., Rima B. K., Allan G. M., McCullough S. J., Kennedy S., Smyth J. A., McNeilly F., Craig C., Örvell C. 1988; Characterisation of a seal morbillivirus. Nature, London 336:115–116
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Curran M. D., O’Loan D., Rima B. K., Kennedy S. 1990; Nucleotide sequence analysis of phocine distemper virus reveals its distinctness from canine distemper virus. Veterinary Record 127:430–431
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Dietz R., Hansen C. T., Have P., Heide-Jørgensen M.-P. 1989; Clue to seal epizootic?. Nature, London 338:627
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Domingo M., Ferrer L., Pumarola M., Marco A., Plana J., Kennedy S., McAliskey M., Rima B. K. 1990; Morbillivirus in dolphins. Nature, London 348:21
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Driscoll D. M., Wynne J. K., Wallis S. C., Scott J. 1989; An in vitro system for the editing of apolipoprotein B mRNA. Cell 58:519–525
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Gubler U., Hoffman B. J. 1983; A simple and very efficient method for generating cDNA libraries. Gene 25:263–269
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Haas L., Subbarao S. M., Harder T., Liess B., Barrett T. 1991; Detection of phocid distemper virus RNA in seal tissues using slot hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction amplification assay: genetic evidence that the virus is distinct from canine distemper virus. Journal of General Virology 72:825–832
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Hamaguchi M., Yoshida T., Nishikawa K., Naruse H., Nagai Y. 1983; Transcriptive complex of Newcastle disease virus. I. Both the L and P proteins are required to constitute an active complex. Virology 128:105–117
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Horikami S. M., Moyer S. A. 1991; Synthesis of leader RNA and editing of the P mRNA during transcription by purified measles virus. Journal of Virology 65:5342–5347
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Huber M., Cattaneo R., Spielhofer P., örvell C., Norrby E., Messerli M., Perriard J.-C., Billeter M. A. 1991; Measles virus phosphoprotein retains the nucleocapsid protein in the cytoplasm. Virology 185:299–308
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Kamata H., Tsukiyama K., Sugiyama M., Kamata Y., Yoshikawa Y., Yamanouchi K. 1991; Nucleotide sequence of cDNA to the rinderpest virus mRNA encoding the nucleocapsid protein. Virus Genes 5:5–16
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Kennedy S. 1990; A review of the 1988 European seal morbillivirus epizootic. Veterinary Record 8:563–567
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Kennedy S., Smyth J. A., Cush P. F., McCullough S. J., Allan G. M., McQuaid S. 1988a; Viral distemper now found in porpoises. Nature, London 336:21
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Kennedy S., Smyth J. A., McCullough S. J., Allan G. M., McNeilly F. 1988b; Confirmation of recent seal deaths. Nature, London 335:404
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Kingsbury D. W. 1990; Paramyxoviridae and their replication. In Virology 2nd edn., pp 945–962 Edited by Fields B. N., Knipe D. M. New York: Raven Press;
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Kondo K., Bando M., Tsurudome M., Kawano M., Nishio M., Ito Y. 1990; Sequence analysis of the phosphoprotein (P) genes of human parainfluenza type 4A and 4B viruses and RNA editing at transcript of the P genes: the number of G residues added is imprecise. Virology 178:321–326
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Kövamees J., Rydbeck R., Örvell C., Norrby E. 1990; Hemagglutinin-neuramidase (HN) amino acid alterations in neutralization escape mutants of Kilham mumps virus. Virus Research 17:119–130
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Kövamees J., Blixenkrone-Möller M., Norrby E. 1991a; The nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence of the attachment protein of canine distemper virus. Virus Research 19:223–234
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Kövamees J., Blixenkrone-Möller M., Sharma B., Örvell C., Norrby E. 1991b; The nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid composition of the haemagglutinin and fusion proteins of the morbillivirus phocid distemper virus. Journal of General Virology 72:2959–2966
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Kozak M. 1986; Point mutations define a sequence flanking the AUG initiator codon that modulates translation by eucaryotic ribosomes. Cell 44:283–292
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Lamb R. A., Paterson R. G. 1991; The nonstructural proteins of paramyxoviruses. In The Paramyxoviruses pp 181–214 Edited by Kingsbury D. W. London: Plenum Press;
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Lamb R. A., Mahy B. W. J., Choppin P. W. 1976; The synthesis of Sendai virus polypeptides in infected cells. Virology 69:116–131
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Mahy B. W. J., Barrett T., Evans S. A., Anderson E. C., Bostock C. J. 1988; Characterization of a seal morbillivirus. Nature, London 336:115
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Maniatis T., Fritsch E. F., Sambrook J. 1982 Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory;
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Marck C. 1988; DNA strider: a ‘C’ program for the fast analysis of DNA and protein sequences on the Apple Macintosh family of computers. Nucleic Acids Research 16:1829–1836
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Morgan E. M. 1991; Evolutionary relationships of paramyxovirus nucleocapsid-associated proteins. In The Paramyxoviruses pp 163–179 Edited by Kingsbury D. W. London: Plenum Press;
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Ohgimoto S., Bando M., Kawano M., Okamoto K., Kondo K., Tsurudome M., Nishio M., Ito Y. 1990; Sequence analysis ofP gene of human parainfluenza type 2 virus: P and cysteine-rich proteins are translated by two mRNAs that differ by two non-templated G residues. Virology 177:116–123
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Örvell C. 1980; Structural polypeptides of canine distemper virus. Archives of Virology 66:193–206
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Örvell C., Blixenkrone-Möller M., Svansson V., Have P. 1990; Immunological relationships between phocid and canine distemper virus studied with monoclonal antibodies. Journal of General Virology 71:2085–2092
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Osterhaus A. D. M. E., Groen J., de Vries P., UytdeHaag F. C. G. M., Klingeborn B., Zarnke R. 1988; Canine distemper virus in seals. Nature, London 335:403–404
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Paterson R. G., Lamb R. A. 1990; RNA editing by G-nucleotide insertion in mumps virus P-gene mRNA transcripts. Journal of Virology 64:4137–4145
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Pelet T., Curran J., Kolakofsky D. 1991; The P gene of bovine parainfluenza virus 3 expresses all three reading frames from a single mRNA editing site. EMBO Journal 10:443–448
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Rima B. K. 1983; The proteins of morbilliviruses. Journal of General Virology 64:1205–1219
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Rima B. K., Cosby S. L., Duffy N., Smyth J. A., McNeilly F. 1990; Humoral immune responses in seals infected by phocine distemper virus. Research in Veterinary Science 49:114–116
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Rozenblatt S., Eizenberg O., Ben-Levy R., La vie V., Bellini W. J. 1985; Sequence homology within the morbilliviruses. Journal of Virology 53:684–690
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Ryan K. W., Kingsbury D. W. 1988; Carboxy-terminal region of Sendai virus P protein is required for binding to viral nucleocapsids. Virology 167:106–112
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Sambrook J., Fritsch E. F., Maniatis T. 1989 Molecular Cloning: A laboratory Manual 2nd edn New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory;
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. 1977; DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U. S. A 74:5463–5467
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Southern J. A., Precious B., Randall R. E. 1990; Two nontemplated nucleotide additions are required to generate the P mRNA of parainfluenza virus type 2 since the RNA genome encodes protein V. Virology 177:388–390
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Takeuchi K., Tanabayashi M., Hishiyama M., Yamada Y. K., Yamada A., Sugiura A. 1990; Detection and characterization of mumps virus V protein. Virology 178:247–253
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Thomas S. M., Lamb R. A., Paterson R. G. 1988; Two mRNAs that differ by two nontemplated nucleotides encode the amino coterminal proteins P and V of the paramyxovirus SV5. Cell 54:891–902
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Trudgett A., Lyons C., Welsh M. J., Duffy N., McCullough S. J., McNeilly F. 1991; Analysis of a seal and a porpoise morbillivirus using monoclonal antibodies. Veterinary Record 128:61
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Tsukiyama K., Sugiyama M., Yoshikawa Y., Yamanouchi K. 1987; Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the rinderpest virus mRNA encoding the hemagglutinin protein. Virology 160:48–54
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Varsanyi T. M., Kövamees J., Norrby E. 1991; Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of human parainfluenza type 2 virus mRNA encoding the fusion glycoprotein. Journal of General Virology 72:89–95
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Vidal S., Curran J., Kolakofsky D. 1990a; Editing of the Sendai virus P/C mRNA by G insertion occurs during mRNA synthesis via a virus-encoded activity. Journal of Virology 64:239–246
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Vidal S., Curran J., Kolakofsky D. 1990b; A stuttering model for paramyxovirus P mRNA editing. EMBO Journal 9:2017–2022
     [Google Scholar]
  57. Visser I. K., Kumarev V. P., Örvell C., de Vries P., Broeders H. V. J., van de Bildt M. W. G., Groen J., Teppema J. S., Burger M. C., UytdeHaag F. G. C. M., Osterhaus A. D. M. E. 1990; Comparison of two morbilliviruses isolated from seals during outbreaks of distemper in North-western Europe and Siberia. Archives of Virology 111:149–164
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Woods D. 1984; Oligonucleotide screening of cDNA libraries. Focus 6:1–3
     [Google Scholar]
  59. Zhang H., Scholl R., Browse J., Sommerville C. 1988; Double stranded DNA sequencing as a choice for DNA sequencing. Nucleic Acids Research 16:1220
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-73-4-885
Loading
Sequence analysis of the genes encoding the nucleocapsid protein and phosphoprotein (P) of phocid distemper virus, and editing of the P gene transcript
J. Gen. Virol. 73, 885 (1992); https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-73-4-885
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-73-4-885
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-73-4-885
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error