1887

Abstract

Influenza C virus matrix protein (M1) is encoded by a spliced mRNA derived from RNA segment 6. Unspliced mRNA from this RNA segment, which has not been previously identified, can potentially encode a polypeptide that contains an additional 132 amino acids on the carboxy terminus of the M1 protein. Here the nucleotide sequences of RNA segment 6 of four influenza C strains, isolated in Japan between 1964 and 1988, were compared with the previously determined sequence of C/Ann Arbor/1/50. The results indicated that the deduced amino acid sequence of the carboxy-terminal 132 amino acid domain is conserved fairly well although it is more divergent than the M1 protein sequence. Examination of RNA segment 6-specific mRNAs also showed that unspliced mRNA is present, although in small quantities (~ 13 % of spliced mRNA), in influenza C virus-infected cells. To search for a polypeptide encoded by the unspliced mRNA, the extra carboxy-terminal domain was expressed in as the glutathione 5-transferase fusion protein, and rabbit immune serum was raised against the purified fusion protein. Immunoprecipitation experiments with this antiserum revealed that a previously unrecognized protein of apparent ~ 18000, designated CM2, is synthesized in influenza C virus-infected cells.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-75-12-3503
1994-12-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/75/12/JV0750123503.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-75-12-3503&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Buckler-White A. J., Naeve C. W., Murphy B. R. 1986; Characterization of a gene coding for M proteins which is involved in host range restriction of an avian influenza A virus in monkeys. Journal of Virology 57:697–700
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Buonagurio D. A., Nakada S., Desselberger U., Krystal M., Palese P. 1985; Noncumulative sequence changes in the hemagglutinin genes of influenza C virus isolates. Virology 146:221–232
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Buonagurio D. A., Nakada S., Fitch W. M., Palese P. 1986; Epidemiology of influenza C virus in man: multiple evolutionary lineages and low rate of change. Virology 153:12–21
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Chirgwin J. M., Przybyla A. E., MacDonald R. J., Rutter W. J. 1979; Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry 18:5294–5299
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Ciampor F., Bayley P. M., Nermut M. V., Hirst E. M. A., Sugrue R. J., Hay A. J. 1992; Evidence that the amantadine-induced, M2-mediated conversion of influenza A virus hemagglutinin to the low pH conformation occurs in an acidic trans Golgi compartment. Virology 188:14–24
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Curran J., Kolakofsky D. 1988; Scanning independent ribo-somal initiation of the Sendai virus X protein. EMBO Journal 7:2869–2874
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Hongo S., Kitame F., Sugawara K., Nishimura H., Nakamura K. 1992; Cloning and sequencing of influenza C/Yamagata/1/88 virus NS gene. Archives of Virology 126:343–349
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Horvath C. M., Williams M. A., Lamb R. A. 1990; Eukaryotic coupled translation of tandem cistrons: identification of the influenza B virus BM2 polypeptide. EMBO Journal 9:2639–2647
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Ito T., Gorman O. T., Kawaoka Y., Bean W. I., Webster R. G. 1991; Evolutionary analysis of the influenza A virus M gene with comparison of the M1 and M2 proteins. Journal of Virology 65:5491–5498
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Kozak M. 1986; Point mutations define a sequence flanking the AUG initiator codon that modulates translation by eukaryotic ribosomes. Cell 44:283–292
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Lamb R. A. 1989; The genes and proteins of influenza viruses. In The Influenza Viruses pp 1–87 Krug R. M. Edited by New York: Plenum Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Lamb R. A., Lai C. J. 1981; Conservation of the influenza virus membrane protein (Ml) amino acid sequence and an open reading frame of RNA segment 7 encoding a second protein (M2) in H1N1 and H3N2 strains. Virology 112:746–751
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Lamb R. A., Zebedee S. L., Richardson C. D. 1985; Influenza virus M2 protein is an integral membrane protein expressed on the infected-cell surface. Cell 40:627–633
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Macejak D. G., Sarnow P. 1991; Internal initiation of translation mediated by the 5′ leader of a cellular mRNA. Nature; London: 35390–94
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Okayama H., Kawaichi M., Brownstein M., Lee F., Yokota T., Arai K. 1987; High-efficiency cloning of full-length cDNA; construction and screening of cDNA expression libraries for mammalian cells. Methods in Enzymology 154:3–28
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Palese P., Schulman J. L. 1976; Differences in RNA patterns of influenza A viruses. Journal of Virology 17:876–884
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Pinto L. H., Holsinger L. J., Lamb R. A. 1992; Influenza virus M2 protein has ion channel activity. Cell 69:517–528
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Sambrook J., Fritsch E. F., Maniatis T. 1989 Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd edn.. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory;
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. 1977; DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A.: 745463–5467
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Sugawara K., Nakamura K., Homma M. 1983; Analyses of structural polypeptides of seven different isolates of influenza C virus. Journal of General Virology 64:579–587
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Sugawara K., Nishimura H., Kitame F., Nakamura K. 1986; Antigenic variation among human strains of influenza C virus detected with monoclonal antibodies to gp88 glycoprotein. Virus Research 6:27–32
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Sugawara K., Nishimura H., Hongo S., Kitame F., Nakamura K. 1991; Antigenic characterization of the nucleoprotein and matrix protein of influenza C virus with monoclonal antibodies. Journal of General Virology 72:103–109
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Sugrue R. J., Hay A. J. 1991; Structural characteristics of the M2 protein of influenza A viruses: evidence that it forms a tetrameric channel. Virology 180:617–624
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Sugrue R. J., Bahadur G., Zambon M. C., Hall-Smith M., Douglas A. R., Hay A. J. 1990; Specific structural alteration of the influenza haemagglutinin by amantadine. EMBO Journal 9:3469–3476
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Urabe M., Tanaka T., Odagiri T., Tashiro M., Tobita K. 1993; Persistence of viral genes in a variant of MDBK cell after productive replication of a mutant of influenza virus A/WSN. Archives of Virology 128:97–110
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Veit M., Klenk H.-D., Kendal A., Rott R. 1991; The M2 protein of influenza A virus is acylated. Journal of General Virology 72:1461–1465
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Yamashita M., Krystal M., Palese P. 1988; Evidence that the matrix protein of influenza C virus is coded for by a spliced mRNA. Journal of Virology 62:3348–3355
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Yokota M., Nakamura K., Sugawara K., Homma M. 1983; The synthesis of polypeptides in influenza C virus-infected cells. Virology 130:105–117
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-75-12-3503
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-75-12-3503
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error