1887

Abstract

The ultrastructure of human astrovirus serotype 2 (H-Ast2) grown in cell culture was analysed by electron microscopy of thin sections and negatively stained preparations. Infected LLCMK2 cells, as visualized in thin sections, contained cytoplasmic aggregates of dense or hollow-cored particles that aggregated in quasi-crystalline arrays and were specifically labelled using a rabbit polyclonal anti-Ast2 antiserum. H-Ast2 particles from the supernatant of infected LLCMK2 cells in thin sections after flat-embedding were similar in size to intracellular virions. In negatively stained preparations, these virus particles had an external diameter of 41 nm and exhibited a well defined layer of surface spikes. Pentagonal and hexagonal contours were occasionally visible, and probably correspond to the projections of icosahedral structures. Star-like morphologies and particles with surface triangular hollows were seen in dark areas of the preparations only after a short treatment of the viruses at pH 10. Incubation of the viruses at pH 10.5 induced a rapid disassembly of the virus particles. The finding that the particles with icosahedral geometry and surface spikes are fully infective allows an alternative morphological model to the traditional one for astroviruses to be proposed.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-76-8-2075
1995-08-01
2024-04-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/76/8/JV0760082075.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-76-8-2075&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Aroonprasert D., Fagerland J. A., Kelso N. E., Zheng S., Woode G. N. 1989; Cultivation and partial characterization of bovine astrovirus. Veterinary Microbiology 19:113–125
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Caul E. O., Appleton H. 1982; The electron microscopical and physical characteristics of small round human fecal viruses: an interim scheme for classification. Journal of Medical Virology 9:257–265
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Gray E. W., Angus K. W., Snodgrass D. R. 1980; Ultrastructure of the small intestine in astrovirus-infected lambs. Journal of General Virology 49:71–82
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Greenberg H. B., Matsui S. M. 1992; Astroviruses and calici-viruses: emerging enteric pathogens. Infectious Agents and Disease 1:71–91
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Herrmann J. E., Hudson R. W., Perron-Henry D. M., Kurtz J. B., Blacklow N. R. 1988; Antigenic characterization of cell-cultivated astrovirus serotypes and development of astrovirus-specific monoclonal antibodies. Journal of Infectious Diseases 158:182–185
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Herrmann J. E., Taylor D. N., Echevarria P., Blacklow N. R. 1991; Astroviruses as a cause of gastroenteritis in children. New England Journal of Medicine 324:1757–1760
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Jiang B., Monroe S. S., Koonin E. V., Stine S. E., Glass R. I. 1993; RNA sequence of astrovirus: distinctive genomic organization and a putative retrovirus-like ribosomal frameshifting signal that directs the viral replicase synthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 90:10539–10543
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Kellenberger E., Häner M., Wurtz M. 1982; The wrapping phenomenon in air-dried and negatively stained preparations. Ultramicroscopy 9:139–150
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Kjeldsberg E., Hem A. 1985; Detection of astroviruses in gut contents of nude and normal mice. Archives of Virology 84:135–140
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Kurtz J. B., Lee T. W. 1984; Human astrovirus serotypes. Lancet ii:1405
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Kurtz J. B., Lee T. W., Craig J. W., Reed S. E. 1979; Astrovirus infection in volunteers. Journal of Medical Virology 3:221–230
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Lee T. W., Kurtz J. B. 1994; Prevalence of human astrovirus serotypes in the Oxford region 1976–92, with evidence for two new serotypes. Epidemiology and Infection 112:187–193
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Lewis T. L., Greenberg H. B., Herrmann J. E., Smith L. S., Matsui S. M. 1994; Analysis of astrovirus serotype 1 RNA, identification of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase motif, and expression of a viral structural protein. Journal of Virology 68:77–83
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Madeley C. R. 1979; Comparison of the features of astroviruses and caliciviruses seen in samples of feces by electron microscopy. Journal of Infectious Diseases 139:519–523
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Madeley C. R., Cosgrove B. P. 1975; 28-nm particles in feces in infantile gastroenteritis. Lancet ii:451–452
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Monroe S. S., Glass R. I., Noah N., Flewett T. H., Caul E. O., Ashton C. I., Curry A., Field A. M., Madeley R., Pead P. J. 1991a; Electron microscopic reporting of gastrointestinal viruses in the United Kingdom, 1985–1987. Journal of Medical Virology 33:193–198
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Monroe S. S., Stine S. E., Gorelkin L., Herrmann J. E., Blacklow N. R., Glass R. I. 1991b; Temporal synthesis of proteins and RNAs during human astrovirus infection of cultured cells. Journal of Virology 65:641–648
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Monroe S. S., Jiang B., Stine S. E., Koopmans M., Glass R. I. 1993; Subgenomic RNA sequence of human astrovirus supports classification of Astroviridae as a new family of RNA viruses. Journal of Virology 67:3611–3614
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Oliver A. R., Phillips A. D. 1988; An electron microscopical investigation of faecal small round viruses. Journal of Medical Virology 24:211–218
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Risco C., Pinto da Silva P. 1993; Binding of bacterial endotoxins to the macrophage surface: visualization by fracture-flip and immunocytochemistry. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 41:601–608
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Risco C., Carrascosa J. L., Bosch M.A. 1991; Uptake and subcellular distribution of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide by isolated rat type II pneumocytes. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 39:607–615
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Risco C., Romero C., Bosch M. A., Pinto da Silva P. 1994; Type II pneumocytes revisited: intracellular membranous systems, surface characteristics, and lamellar body secretion. Laboratory Investigation 70:407–417
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Sanchez-Fauquier A., Carrascosa A. L., Carrascosa J. L., Otero A., Glass R. I., Lopez J. A., San Martin C., Melero J. A. 1994; Characterization of a human astrovirus serotype 2 structural protein (VP26) that contains an epitope involved in virus neutralization. Virology 201:312–320
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Shimizu M., Shirai J., Narita M., Yamane T. 1990; Cytopathic astrovirus isolated from porcine acute gastroenteritis in an established cell line derived from porcine embryonic kidney. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 28:201–206
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Willcocks M. M., Carter M. J., Laidler F. R., Madeley C. R. 1990; Growth and characterization of human faecal astrovirus in a continuous cell line. Archives in Virology 113:73–81
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Willcocks M. M., Carter M. J., Silcock J. G., Madeley C. R. 1991; A dot-blot hybridisation procedure for the detection of astrovirus in stool samples. Epidemiology and Infection 107:405–410
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Wrigley N. G. 1968; The lattice spacing of crystalline catalase as an internal standard of length in electron microscopy. Journal of Ultrastructure Research 24:454–464
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-76-8-2075
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-76-8-2075
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error