H3N2 influenza viruses from domestic chickens in Italy: an increasing role for chickens in the ecology of influenza?

References

1. Bean W. J., Kawaoka Y., Wood J. M., Pearson J. E., Webster R. G. 1985; Characterization of virulent and avirulent A/chicken/Pennsylvania/83 influenza A viruses: potential role of defective interfering RNAs in nature. Journal of Virology 54:151–160
   [Google Scholar]
2. Campitelli L., Donatelli I., Foni E., Castrucci M. R., Fabiani C., Kawaoka Y., Krauss S., Webster R. G. 1997; Continued evolution of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses in pigs in Italy. Virology 232:310–318
   [Google Scholar]
3. Capua I., Marangon S. 2000; The avian influenza epidemic in Italy, 1999–2000: a review. Avian Pathology 29:289–294
   [Google Scholar]
4. Castrucci M. R., Donatelli I., Sidoli L., Barigazzi G., Kawaoka Y., Webster R. G. 1993; Genetic reassortment between avian and human influenza A viruses in Italian pigs. Virology 193:503–506
   [Google Scholar]
5. Castrucci M. R., Campitelli L., Ruggieri A., Barigazzi G., Sidoli L., Daniels R., Oxford J. S., Donatelli I. 1994; Antigenic and sequence analysis of H3 influenza virus haemagglutinins from pigs in Italy. Journal of General Virology 75:371–379
   [Google Scholar]
6. Claas E. C., Kawaoka Y., de Jong J. C., Masurel N., Webster R. G. 1994; Infection of children with avian–human reassortant influenza virus from pigs in Europe. Virology 204:453–457
   [Google Scholar]
7. Claas E. C., Osterhaus A. D., van Beek R., de Jong J. C., Rimmelzwaan G. F., Senne D. A., Krauss S., Shortridge K. F., Webster R. G. 1998; Human influenza A H5N1 virus related to a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Lancet 351:472–477
   [Google Scholar]
8. de Jong J. C., Claas E. C., Osterhaus A. D., Webster R. G., Lim W. L. 1997; A pandemic warning?. Nature 389:554
   [Google Scholar]
9. Donis R. O., Bean W. J., Kawaoka Y., Webster R. G. 1989; Distinct lineages of influenza virus H4 hemagglutinin genes in different regions of the world. Virology 169:408–417
   [Google Scholar]
10. Feldmann H., Kretzschmar E., Klingeborn B., Rott R., Klenk H. D., Garten W. 1988; The structure of serotype H10 hemagglutinin of influenza A virus: comparison of an apathogenic avian and a mammalian strain pathogenic for mink. Virology 165:428–437
    [Google Scholar]
11. Felsenstein J. 1993 PHYLIP: Phylogeny Interference Package, version 3.5 University of Washington; Seattle, WA, USA:
    [Google Scholar]
12. Guan Y., Shortridge K. F., Krauss S., Li P. H., Kawaoka Y., Webster R. G. 1996; Emergence of avian H1N1 influenza viruses in pigs in China. Journal of Virology 70:8041–8046
    [Google Scholar]
13. Guan Y., Shortridge K. F., Krauss S., Webster R. G. 1999; Molecular characterization of H9N2 influenza viruses: were they the donors of the ‘internal’. genes of H5N1 viruses in Hong Kong? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 96:9363–9367
    [Google Scholar]
14. Guo Y. J., Krauss S., Senne D. A., Mo I. P., Lo K. S., Xiong X. P., Norwood M., Shortridge K. F., Webster R. G., Guan Y. 2000; Characterization of the pathogenicity of members of the newly established H9N2 influenza virus lineages in Asia. Virology 267:279–288
    [Google Scholar]
15. Hinshaw V. S., Webster R. G. 1982; The natural history of influenza A viruses. In Basic and Applied Influenza Research pp 79–104 Edited by Beare A. S. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press;
    [Google Scholar]
16. Hinshaw V. S., Webster R. G., Bean W. J., Downie J., Senne D. A. 1983; Swine influenza-like viruses in turkeys: potential source of virus for humans?. Science 220:206–208
    [Google Scholar]
17. Ito T., Couceiro J. N., Kelm S., Baum L. G., Krauss S., Castrucci M. R., Donatelli I., Kida H., Paulson J. C., Webster R. G., Kawaoka Y. 1998; Molecular basis for the generation in pigs of influenza A viruses with pandemic potential. Journal of Virology 72:7367–7373
    [Google Scholar]
18. Kurtz J., Manvell R. J., Banks J. 1996; Avian influenza virus isolated from a woman with conjunctivitis. Lancet 348:901–902
    [Google Scholar]
19. Lin Y. P., Shu L. L., Wright S., Bean W. J., Sharp G. B., Shortridge K. F., Webster R. G. 1994; Analysis of the influenza virus gene pool of avian species from southern China. Virology 198:557–566
    [Google Scholar]
20. Lu B. L., Webster R. G., Hinshaw V. S. 1982; Failure to detect hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies with intact avian influenza virions. Infection and Immunity 38:530–535
    [Google Scholar]
21. Ludwig S., Haustein A., Kaleta E. F., Scholtissek C. 1994; Recent influenza A (H1N1) infections of pigs and turkeys in northern Europe. Virology 202:281–286
    [Google Scholar]
22. Matrosovich M., Zhou N., Kawaoka Y., Webster R. 1999; The surface glycoproteins of H5 influenza viruses isolated from humans, chickens, and wild aquatic birds have distinguishable properties. Journal of Virology 73:1146–1155
    [Google Scholar]
23. Peiris M., Yuen K. Y., Leung C. W., Chan K. H., Ip P. L., Lai R. W., Orr W. K., Shortridge K. F. 1999; Human infection with influenza H9N2. Lancet 354:916–917
    [Google Scholar]
24. Rogers G. N., Paulson J. C. 1983; Receptor determinants of human and animal influenza virus isolates: differences in receptor specificity of the H3 hemagglutinin based on species of origin. Virology 127:361–373
    [Google Scholar]
25. Schäfer J. R., Kawaoka Y., Bean W. J., Süss J., Senne D., Webster R. G. 1993; Origin of the pandemic 1957 H2 influenza A virus and the persistence of its possible progenitors in the avian reservoir. Virology 194:781–788
    [Google Scholar]
26. Siebinga J. T., de Boer G. F. 1988; Influenza A viral nucleoprotein detection in isolates from human and various animal species. Archives of Virology 100:75–87
    [Google Scholar]
27. Stubbs E. L. 1965; Fowl plague. In Diseases of Poultry pp 813–822 Edited by Biester H. E., Schwartz L. H. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press;
    [Google Scholar]
28. Suarez D. L., Perdue M. L., Cox N., Rowe T., Bender C., Huang J., Swayne D. E. 1998; Comparisons of highly virulent H5N1 influenza A viruses isolated from humans and chickens from Hong Kong. Journal of Virology 72:6678–6688
    [Google Scholar]
29. Subbarao K., Klimov A., Katz J., Regnery H., Lim W., Hall H., Perdue M., Swayne D., Bender C., Huang J., Hemphill M., Rowe T., Shaw M., Xu X., Fukuda K., Cox N. 1998; Characterization of an avian influenza A (H5N1) virus isolated from a child with a fatal respiratory illness. Science 279:393–396
    [Google Scholar]
30. US Department of Health and Human Services 1982 Concepts and procedures for laboratory-based influenza surveillance Centers for Disease Control; Washington, DC: DHHS, Public Health Service;
    [Google Scholar]
31. Webster R. G., Hinshaw V. S., Bean W. J., Van Wyke K. L., Geraci J. R., St. Aubin D. J., Petursson G. 1981; Characterization of an influenza A virus from seals. Virology 113:712–724
    [Google Scholar]
32. Wright S. M., Kawaoka Y., Sharp G. B., Senne D. A., Webster R. G. 1992; Interspecies transmission and reassortment of influenza A viruses in pigs and turkeys in the United States. American Journal of Epidemiology 136:488–497
    [Google Scholar]