1887

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Volume 96, Issue 4

Rapid evolution of the gene leader sequence in cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus Open Access

Abstract

Analysing the evolution of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) at the intra-host level is important in order to address whether the diversity and composition of viral quasispecies affect disease progression. We examined the intra-host diversity and the evolutionary rates of the entire and structural fragments of the sequences obtained from sequential blood samples in 43 naturally infected domestic cats that displayed different clinical outcomes. We observed in the majority of cats that FIV showed very low levels of intra-host diversity. We estimated that evolved at a rate of 1.16×10 substitutions per site per year and demonstrated that recombinant sequences evolved faster than non-recombinant sequences. It was evident that the V3–V5 fragment of FIV displayed higher evolutionary rates in healthy cats than in those with terminal illness. Our study provided the first evidence that the leader sequence of , rather than the V3–V5 sequence, had the highest intra-host diversity and the highest evolutionary rate of all fragments, consistent with this region being under a strong selective pressure for genetic variation. Overall, FIV displayed relatively low intra-host diversity and evolved slowly in naturally infected cats. The maximum evolutionary rate was observed in the leader sequence of . Although genetic stability is not necessarily a prerequisite for clinical stability, the higher genetic stability of FIV compared with human immunodeficiency virus might explain why many naturally infected cats do not progress rapidly to AIDS.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
© 2015 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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2015-04-01
2024-04-18
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Rapid evolution of the env gene leader sequence in cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus
J. Gen. Virol. 96, 893 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.000035
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.000035
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