1887

Abstract

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a member of the genus within the family . Its single-stranded RNA encodes a polyprotein that is cleaved co- and post-translationally by viral and cellular proteases. However, the cleavage between the envelope proteins E and E1 is still unexplained. In this study, an E–E1 protein could be identified and characterized with a new E1-specific antiserum. With bicistronic constructs bearing a deletion in the E-encoding region and expressing E or the E–E1 protein, it could be shown that this protein is not essential for virus replication. Furthermore, two putative cleavage sites were mutated in eukaryotic expression plasmids, as well as in full-length cDNA constructs. The mutation of position P3 of a potential signal peptide peptidase site abolished cleavage completely and no infectious virus progeny could be observed, indicating that cleavage of the E–E1 protein is indispensable for virus growth.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.012559-0
2009-10-01
2024-04-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/90/10/2462.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.012559-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bergeron E., Vincent M. J., Nichol S. T. 2007; Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus glycoprotein processing by the endoprotease SKI-1/S1P is critical for virus infectivity. J Virol 81:13271–13276 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Beyer W. R., Pöpplau D., Garten W., von Laer D., Lenz O. 2003; Endoproteolytic processing of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein by the subtilase SKI-1/S1P. J Virol 77:2866–2872 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Chu H. J., Zee Y. C. 1984; Morphology of bovine viral diarrhea virus. Am J Vet Res 45:845–850
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Collett M. S., Anderson D. K., Retzel E. 1988a; Comparisons of the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhoea virus with members of the Flaviviridae . J Gen Virol 69:2637–2643 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Collett M. S., Larson R., Belzer S. K., Retzel E. 1988b; Proteins encoded by bovine viral diarrhea virus: the genomic organization of a pestivirus. Virology 165:200–208 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Coria M. F., Schmerr M. J., McClurkin A. W. 1983; Characterization of the major structural proteins of purified bovine viral diarrhea virus. Arch Virol 76:335–339 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Edwards S., Sands J. J., Harkness J. W. 1988; The application of monoclonal antibody panels to characterize pestivirus isolates from ruminants in Great Britain. Arch Virol 102:197–206 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Fauquet C. M., Mayo M. A., Maniloff J., Desselberger U., Ball L. A. editors 2005 Virus Taxonomy: Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses London: Elsevier Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Fetzer C., Tews B. A., Meyers G. 2005; The carboxy-terminal sequence of the pestivirus glycoprotein Erns represents an unusual type of membrane anchor. J Virol 79:11901–11913 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Frey C. F., Bauhofer O., Rüggli N., Summerfield A., Hofmann M. A., Tratschin J. D. 2006; Classical swine fever virus replicon particles lacking the Erns gene: a potential marker vaccine for intradermal application. Vet Res 37:655–670 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Gray E. W., Nettleton P. F. 1987; The ultrastructure of cell cultures infected with border disease and bovine virus diarrhoea viruses. J Gen Virol 68:2339–2346 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Heimann M., Roman-Sosa G., Martoglio B., Thiel H.-J., Rümenapf T. 2006; Core protein of pestiviruses is processed at the C-terminus by signal peptide peptidase. J Virol 80:1915–1921 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Houe H. 1999; Epidemiological features and economical importance of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infections. Vet Microbiol 64:89–107 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Iqbal M., Flick-Smith H., McCauley J. W. 2000; Interactions of bovine viral diarrhoea virus glycoprotein Erns with cell surface glycosaminoglycans. J Gen Virol 81:451–459
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Korn G. 1977; Zur wirkung des proteinase-inhibitors trasylol auf den verlauf der schweinepesterkrankung sowie zum nachweis der antigene (virus und einer chymotrypsin-like protease) und der verschiedenen antikörperarten. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 90:469–472 (in German
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Maurer K., Krey T., Moennig V., Thiel H. J., Rümenapf T. 2004; CD46 is a cellular receptor for bovine viral diarrhea virus. J Virol 78:1792–1799 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Meyers G., Tautz N., Becher P., Thiel H. J., Kümmerer B. M. 1996; Recovery of cytopathogenic and noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea viruses from cDNA constructs. J Virol 70:8606–8613
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Pestova T. V., Hellen C. U. 1999; Internal initiation of translation of bovine viral diarrhea virus RNA. Virology 258:249–256 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Peters W., Greiser-Wilke I., Moennig V., Liess B. 1986; Preliminary serological characterization of bovine viral diarrhoea virus strains using monoclonal antibodies. Vet Microbiol 12:195–200 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Poole T. L., Wang C., Popp R. A., Potgieter L. N., Siddiqui A., Collett M. S. 1995; Pestivirus translation initiation occurs by internal ribosome entry. Virology 206:750–754 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Pringle C. R. 1998; The universal system of virus taxonomy of the International Committee on Virus Taxonomy (ICTV), including new proposals ratified since publication of the Sixth ICTV Report in 1995. Arch Virol 143:203–210 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Reimann I., Meyers G., Beer M. 2003; Trans -complementation of autonomously replicating Bovine viral diarrhea virus replicons with deletions in the E2 coding region. Virology 307:213–227 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Ronecker S., Zimmer G., Herrler G., Greiser-Wilke I., Grummer B. 2008; Formation of bovine viral diarrhea virus E1–E2 heterodimers is essential for virus entry and depends on charged residues in the transmembrane domains. J Gen Virol 89:2114–2121 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Rümenapf T., Unger G., Strauss J. H., Thiel H.-J. 1993; Processing of envelope glycoproteins of pestiviruses. J Virol 67:3288–3294
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Rümenapf T., Blome S., Heimann M., Lamp B. 2008; Core protein is not required for assembly of classical swine fever virus. In 7th ESVV Pestivirus Symposium 16–19 September 2008 Uppsala, Sweden:p– 34
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Thiel H. J., Stark R., Weiland E., Rümenapf T., Meyers G. 1991; Hog cholera virus: molecular composition of virions from a pestivirus. J Virol 65:4705–4712
    [Google Scholar]
  27. von Heijne G. 1986; A new method for predicting signal sequence cleavage sites. Nucleic Acids Res 14:4683–4690 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Widjojoatmodjo M. N., van Gennip H. G., Bouma A., van Rijn P. A., Moormann R. J. 2000; Classical swine fever virus Erns deletion mutants: trans -complementation and potential use as nontransmissible, modified, live-attenuated marker vaccines. J Virol 74:2973–2980 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Wolfmeyer A., Wolf G., Beer M., Strube W., Hehnen H.-R., Schmeer N., Kaaden O.-R. 1997; Genomic (5′UTR) and serological differences among German BVDV field isolates. Arch Virol 142:2049–2057 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Yu H., Grassmann C. W., Behrens S. E. 1999; Sequence and structural elements at the 3′ terminus of bovine viral diarrhea virus genomic RNA: functional role during RNA replication. J Virol 73:3638–3648
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Yu H., Isken O., Grassmann C. W., Behrens S. E. 2000; A stem-loop motif formed by the immediate 5′ terminus of the bovine viral diarrhea virus genome modulates translation as well as replication of the viral RNA. J Virol 74:5825–5835 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.012559-0
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.012559-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error