1887

Abstract

H5 low-pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) has the potential to become highly pathogenic and to cause serious problems in animal and public health. AIV surveillance and characterization in both wild and domestic species is therefore necessary. In order to acquire molecular information and to identify possible reassortments in French viruses, we analysed the entire genome of five H5N3, three H5N2 and two H5N1 LPAIV, isolated in France between 2002 and 2008 mostly from captive ducks (free-range commercial poultry or decoy ducks). Some of the genome sequences showed atypical characteristics, such as an insertion of 1 aa in the PB1 protein of one H5N3, a highly truncated PB1-F2 protein (11 aa in length instead of 90 aa) in one H5N2, and an insertion of 8 aa in the NS1 protein of H5N1. These two last molecular characteristics have not been described previously. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all genes of French LPAIV, except the closely related matrix protein genes, clustered within the Eurasian avian influenzavirus lineage and fell into at least two phylogenetic subgroups. In addition, the French H5 LPAIV were segregated into eight genotypes, suggesting that many reassortment events have occurred in H5 LPAIV in Europe. However, it is not known whether the reassortment events have occurred in wild waterfowl and/or in captive birds in direct or indirect contact with wild birds.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.016733-0
2010-04-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/91/4/960.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.016733-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Abed, Y., Baz, M. & Boivin, G.(2006). Impact of neuraminidase mutations conferring influenza resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors in the N1 and N2 genetic backgrounds. Antivir Ther 11, 971–976. [Google Scholar]
  2. Alexander, D. J.(2000). A review of avian influenza in different bird species. Vet Microbiol 74, 3–13.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  3. Campitelli, L., Di Martino, A., Spagnolo, D., Smith, G. J., Di Trani, L., Facchini, M., De Marco, M. A., Foni, E., Chiapponi, C. & other authors(2008). Molecular analysis of avian H7 influenza viruses circulating in Eurasia in 1999–2005: detection of multiple reassortant virus genotypes. J Gen Virol 89, 48–59.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chen, W., Calvo, P. A., Malide, D., Gibbs, J., Schubert, U., Bacik, I., Basta, S., O'Neill, R., Schickli, J. & other authors(2001). A novel influenza A virus mitochondrial protein that induces cell death. Nat Med 7, 1306–1312.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chen, H., Wang, Y., Liu, W., Zhang, J., Dong, B., Fan, X., de Jong, M. D., Farrar, J., Riley, S. & other authors(2009). Serologic survey of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus, Guangxi Province, China. Emerg Infect Dis 15, 1849–1850.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cherbonnel, M., Lamande, J., Allee, C., Schmitz, A., Ogor, K., Le Gall-Recule, G., Le Bras, M. O., Guillemoto, C., Pierre, I. & other authors(2007). Virologic findings in selected free-range mule duck farms at high risk for avian influenza infection. Avian Dis 51, 408–413.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  7. Cheung, C. L., Vijaykrishna, D., Smith, G. J., Fan, X. H., Zhang, J. X., Bahl, J., Duan, L., Huang, K., Tai, H. & other authors(2007). Establishment of influenza A virus (H6N1) in minor poultry species in southern China. J Virol 81, 10402–10412.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  8. European Commission(2006). Council Directive for Avian Influenza 2005/94/EC on community measures for the control of avian influenza and repealing directive 92/40/EEC. Official Journal of the European Union L10, 14.1.2006, pp. 16–65 (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:010:0016:0065:EN:PDF).
  9. De Marco, M. A., Foni, E., Campitelli, L., Delogu, M., Raffini, E., Chiapponi, C., Barigazzi, G., Cordioli, P., Di Trani, L. & Donatelli, I.(2005). Influenza virus circulation in wild aquatic birds in Italy during H5N2 and H7N1 poultry epidemic periods (1998 to 2000). Avian Pathol 34, 480–485.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  10. Domingo, E., Mas, A., Yuste, E., Pariente, N., Sierra, S., Gutierrez-Riva, M. & Menendez-Arias, L.(2001). Virus population dynamics, fitness variations and the control of viral disease: an update. Prog Drug Res 57, 77–115. [Google Scholar]
  11. Donatelli, I., Campitelli, L., Di Trani, L., Puzelli, S., Selli, L., Fioretti, A., Alexander, D. J., Tollis, M., Krauss, S. & Webster, R. G.(2001). Characterization of H5N2 influenza viruses from Italian poultry. J Gen Virol 82, 623–630. [Google Scholar]
  12. Duan, L., Campitelli, L., Fan, X. H., Leung, Y. H., Vijaykrishna, D., Zhang, J. X., Donatelli, I., Delogu, M., Li, K. S. & other authors(2007). Characterization of low-pathogenic H5 subtype influenza viruses from Eurasia: implications for the origin of highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses. J Virol 81, 7529–7539.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  13. Dundon, W. G., Milani, A., Cattoli, G. & Capua, I.(2006). Progressive truncation of the non-structural 1 gene of H7N1 avian influenza viruses following extensive circulation in poultry. Virus Res 119, 171–176.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  14. Fouchier, R. A. M., Munster, V. J., Keawcharoen, J., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E. & Kuiken, T.(2007). Virology of avian influenza in relation to wild birds. J Wildl Dis 43, S7–S14. [Google Scholar]
  15. Gabriel, G., Dauber, B., Wolff, T., Planz, O., Klenk, H. D. & Stech, J.(2005). The viral polymerase mediates adaptation of an avian influenza virus to a mammalian host. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102, 18590–18595.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hale, B. G., Randall, R. E., Ortin, J. & Jackson, D.(2008). The multifunctional NS1 protein of influenza A viruses. J Gen Virol 89, 2359–2376.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  17. Hatchette, T. F., Walker, D., Johnson, C., Baker, A., Pryor, S. P. & Webster, R. G.(2004). Influenza A viruses in feral Canadian ducks: extensive reassortment in nature. J Gen Virol 85, 2327–2337.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  18. Hatta, M., Gao, P., Halfmann, P. & Kawaoka, Y.(2001). Molecular basis for high virulence of Hong Kong H5N1 influenza A viruses. Science 293, 1840–1842.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  19. Hayden, F. G.(2006). Antiviral resistance in influenza viruses – implications for management and pandemic response. N Engl J Med 354, 785–788.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  20. Hesterberg, U., Harris, K. & Brown, I.(2008).Avian Influenza in 2006/2007. Implications for Surveillance. SCoFCAH meeting 09.04.2008, Brussels.
  21. Ito, T., Okazaki, K., Kawaoka, Y., Takada, A., Webster, R. G. & Kida, H.(1995). Perpetuation of influenza A viruses in Alaskan waterfowl reservoirs. Arch Virol 140, 1163–1172.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  22. Jiao, P., Tian, G., Li, Y., Deng, G., Jiang, Y., Liu, C., Liu, W., Bu, Z., Kawaoka, Y. & Chen, H.(2008). A single-amino-acid substitution in the NS1 protein changes the pathogenicity of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in mice. J Virol 82, 1146–1154.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  23. Kawaoka, Y., Chambers, T. M., Sladen, W. L. & Webster, R. G.(1988). Is the gene pool of influenza viruses in shorebirds and gulls different from that in wild ducks? Virology 163, 247–250.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  24. Kawaoka, Y., Krauss, S. & Webster, R. G.(1989). Avian-to-human transmission of the PB1 gene of influenza A viruses in the 1957 and 1968 pandemics. J Virol 63, 4603–4608. [Google Scholar]
  25. Krauss, S., Obert, C. A., Franks, J., Walker, D., Jones, K., Seiler, P., Niles, L., Pryor, S. P., Obenauer, J. C. & other authors(2007). Influenza in migratory birds and evidence of limited intercontinental virus exchange. PLoS Pathog 3, e167[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  26. Kumar, S., Tamura, K. & Nei, M.(2004). MEGA3: integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinform 5, 150–163.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  27. Li, Z., Chen, H., Jiao, P., Deng, G., Tian, G., Li, Y., Hoffmann, E., Webster, R. G., Matsuoka, Y. & Yu, K.(2005). Molecular basis of replication of duck H5N1 influenza viruses in a mammalian mouse model. J Virol 79, 12058–12064.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  28. Li, O. T., Barr, I., Leung, C. Y., Chen, H., Guan, Y., Peiris, J. S. & Poon, L. L.(2007). Reliable universal RT-PCR assays for studying influenza polymerase subunit gene sequences from all 16 haemagglutinin subtypes. J Virol Methods 142, 218–222.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  29. Lin, Y. P., Shu, L. L., Wright, S., Bean, W. J., Sharp, G. B., Shortridge, K. F. & Webster, R. G.(1994). Analysis of the influenza virus gene pool of avian species from southern China. Virology 198, 557–566.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  30. Macken, C. A., Webby, R. J. & Bruno, W. J.(2006). Genotype turnover by reassortment of replication complex genes from avian influenza A virus. J Gen Virol 87, 2803–2815.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  31. Matrosovich, M., Zhou, N., Kawaoka, Y. & Webster, R.(1999). The surface glycoproteins of H5 influenza viruses isolated from humans, chickens, and wild aquatic birds have distinguishable properties. J Virol 73, 1146–1155. [Google Scholar]
  32. Melen, K., Kinnunen, L., Fagerlund, R., Ikonen, N., Twu, K. Y., Krug, R. M. & Julkunen, I.(2007). Nuclear and nucleolar targeting of influenza A virus NS1 protein: striking differences between different virus subtypes. J Virol 81, 5995–6006.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  33. Okazaki, K., Takada, A., Ito, T., Imai, M., Takakuwa, H., Hatta, M., Ozaki, H., Tanizaki, T., Nagano, T. & other authors(2000). Precursor genes of future pandemic influenza viruses are perpetuated in ducks nesting in Siberia. Arch Virol 145, 885–893.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  34. Scholtissek, C. & von Hoyningen-Huene, V.(1980). Genetic relatedness of the gene which codes for the nonstructural (NS) protein of different influenza A strains. Virology 102, 13–20.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  35. Scholtissek, C., Quack, G., Klenk, H. D. & Webster, R. G.(1998). How to overcome resistance of influenza A viruses against adamantane derivatives. Antiviral Res 37, 83–95.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  36. Shaw, M., Cooper, L., Xu, X., Thompson, W., Krauss, S., Guan, Y., Zhou, N., Klimov, A., Cox, N. & other authors(2002). Molecular changes associated with the transmission of avian influenza a H5N1 and H9N2 viruses to humans. J Med Virol 66, 107–114.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  37. Shinya, K., Hamm, S., Hatta, M., Ito, H., Ito, T. & Kawaoka, Y.(2004). PB2 amino acid at position 627 affects replicative efficiency, but not cell tropism, of Hong Kong H5N1 influenza A viruses in mice. Virology 320, 258–266.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  38. Treanor, J. J., Snyder, M. H., London, W. T. & Murphy, B. R.(1989). The B allele of the NS gene of avian influenza viruses, but not the A allele, attenuates a human influenza A virus for squirrel monkeys. Virology 171, 1–9.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  39. Webster, R. G., Bean, W. J., Gorman, O. T., Chambers, T. M. & Kawaoka, Y.(1992). Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses. Microbiol Rev 56, 152–179. [Google Scholar]
  40. World Organization for Animal Health(2008).Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. Paris: World Organization for Animal Health.
  41. Xu, K. M., Smith, G. J., Bahl, J., Duan, L., Tai, H., Vijaykrishna, D., Wang, J., Zhang, J. X., Li, K. S. & other authors(2007). The genesis and evolution of H9N2 influenza viruses in poultry from southern China, 2000 to 2005. J Virol 81, 10389–10401.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  42. Zell, R., Krumbholz, A., Eitner, A., Krieg, R., Halbhuber, K. J. & Wutzler, P.(2007). Prevalence of PB1–F2 of influenza A viruses. J Gen Virol 88, 536–546.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.016733-0
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.016733-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

vol. , part 4, pp. 960 - 970

Phylogenetic analysis of sequences of the PB2, PA, NP, N1, N2, N3 and M genes [ PDF] (66 kb)



PDF
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error