Cathepsins are involved in virus-induced cell death in ICP4 and Us3 deletion mutant herpes simplex virus type 1-infected monocytic cells
Peri, Piritta and Nuutila, Kristiina and Vuorinen, Tytti and Saukko, Pekka and Hukkanen, Veijo,, 92, 173-180 (2011),
doi = https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.025080-0,
publicationName = Microbiology Society,
issn = 0022-1317,
abstract= We have studied cell death and its mechanisms in herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-infected monocytic cells. The HSV-1 ICP4 and Us3 deletion mutant, d120 caused both apoptosis and necroptosis in d120-infected monocytic cells. At a late time point of infection the number of apoptotic cells was increased significantly in d120-infected cells when compared with uninfected or parental HSV-1 (KOS)-infected cells. Necroptosis inhibitor treatment increased the number of viable cells among the d120-infected cells, indicating that cell death in d120-infected cells was, in part, because of necroptosis. Moreover, lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cathepsin B and H activities were increased significantly in d120-infected cells. Inhibition of cathepsin B and S activities with specific cathepsin inhibitors led to increased cell viability, and inhibition of cathepsin L activity resulted in a decreased number of apoptotic cells. This indicates that cathepsins B, L and S may act as cell-death mediators in d120-infected monocytic cells. In addition, caspase 3 activity was increased significantly in d120-infected cells. However, the caspase 3 inhibitor treatment did not decrease the number of apoptotic cells. In contrast, inhibition of cathepsin L activity by cathepsin L-specific inhibitor clearly decreased caspase 3 activity and the number of apoptotic cells in d120-infected cells. This might suggest that, in d120-infected monocytic cells, cathepsin L activates caspase 3 and thus mediates d120-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these findings suggest that d120-induced cell death is both apoptotic and necroptotic.,
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