The respiratory syncytial virus nucleoprotein–RNA complex forms a left-handed helical nucleocapsid Bakker, Saskia E. and Duquerroy, Stéphane and Galloux, Marie and Loney, Colin and Conner, Edward and Eléouët, Jean-François and Rey, Félix A. and Bhella, David,, 94, 1734-1738 (2013), doi = https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.053025-0, publicationName = Microbiology Society, issn = 0022-1317, abstract= Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important human pathogen. Its nucleocapsid (NC), which comprises the negative sense RNA viral genome coated by the viral nucleoprotein N, is a critical assembly that serves as template for both mRNA synthesis and genome replication. We have previously described the X-ray structure of an NC-like structure: a decameric ring formed of N-RNA that mimics one turn of the helical NC. In the absence of experimental data we had hypothesized that the NC helix would be right-handed, as the N–N contacts in the ring appeared to more easily adapt to that conformation. We now unambiguously show that the RSV NC is a left-handed helix. We further show that the contacts in the ring can be distorted to maintain key N–N-protein interactions in a left-handed helix, and discuss the implications of the resulting atomic model of the helical NC for viral replication and transcription., language=, type=