1887

Journal of General Virology header logo

Volume 95, Issue 11

Comparison of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-associated lesions produced by co-infection between two genotypes of PCV2 and two genotypes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Free

Abstract

The objective of this study was to compare the virulence and pathogenicity of a combination of concurrent infections of two genotypes of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and two genotypes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in terms of PCV2 viraemia, and PCV2-associated lesions and antigens in co-infected pigs. Pigs with PCV2a (or 2b)/type 1 (or type 2) PRRSV had significantly (<0.05) higher mean clinical respiratory scores and lower average daily weight gain compared with pigs with PCV2a (or 2b). Co-infection induced significantly lower levels of anti-PCV2 and anti-PRRSV IgG antibodies than infection with one genotype alone, regardless of the genotype of the two viruses. Pigs with PCV2a (or 2b)/type 2 PRRSV had significantly (<0.05) higher levels of PCV2 viraemia, more severe PCV2-associated lesions, and more PCV2 DNA within the lesions compared with pigs with PCV2a (or 2b)/type 1 PRRSV. However, there was no significant difference in these parameters in pigs with PCV2a/type 2 PRRSV or PCV2b/type 2 PRRSV. The results of this study demonstrate significant differences in the virulence and pathogenicity of type 1 and type 2 PRRSV but no significant differences in the virulence and pathogenicity of PCV2a and PCV2b with respect to the production of PCV2-associated lesions.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
© 2014 The Authors
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.066290-0
2014-11-01
2024-04-24
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/95/11/2486.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.066290-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Allan G. M., McNeilly F., Ellis J., Krakowka S., Meehan B., McNair I., Walker I., Kennedy S. 2000; Experimental infection of colostrum deprived piglets with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) potentiates PCV2 replication. Arch Virol 145:2421–2429 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Allende R., Lewis T. L., Lu Z., Rock D. L., Kutish G. F., Ali A., Doster A. R., Osorio F. A. 1999; North American and European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses differ in non-structural protein coding regions. J Gen Virol 80:307–315[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  3. AVMA Panel on Euthanasia. American Veterinary Medical Association 2001; 2000 Report of the AVMA panel on euthanasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 218:669–696 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Beach N. M., Juhan N. M., Cordoba L., Meng X. J. 2010; Replacement of the replication factors of porcine circovirus (PCV) type 2 with those of PCV type 1 greatly enhances viral replication in vitro. J Virol 84:8986–8989 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Cavanagh D. 1997; Nidovirales: a new order comprising Coronaviridae and Arteriviridae. Arch Virol 142:629–633[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Chae C. 2004; Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome: a review of aetiology, diagnosis and pathology. Vet J 168:41–49 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Chae C. 2005; A review of porcine circovirus 2-associated syndromes and diseases. Vet J 169:326–336 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Chen N., Cao Z., Yu X., Deng X., Zhao T., Wang L., Liu Q., Li X., Tian K. 2011; Emergence of novel European genotype porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in mainland China. J Gen Virol 92:880–892 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Cheung A. K., Lager K. M., Kohutyuk O. I., Vincent A. L., Henry S. C., Baker R. B., Rowland R. R., Dunham A. G. 2007; Detection of two porcine circovirus type 2 genotypic groups in United States swine herds. Arch Virol 152:1035–1044 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Dupont K., Nielsen E. O., Baekbo P., Larsen L. E. 2008; Genomic analysis of PCV2 isolates from Danish archives and a current PMWS case-control study supports a shift in genotypes with time. Vet Microbiol 128:56–64 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Fan P., Wei Y., Guo L., Wu H., Huang L., Liu J., Liu C. 2013; Synergistic effects of sequential infection with highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2. Virol J 10:265 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Fort M., Sibila M., Allepuz A., Mateu E., Roerink F., Segalés J. 2008; Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccination of conventional pigs prevents viremia against PCV2 isolates of different genotypes and geographic origins. Vaccine 26:1063–1071 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Gagnon C. A., Tremblay D., Tijssen P., Venne M. H., Houde A., Elahi S. M. 2007; The emergence of porcine circovirus 2b genotype (PCV-2b) in swine in Canada. Can Vet J 48:811–819[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Gagnon C. A., del Castillo J. R., Music N., Fontaine G., Harel J., Tremblay D. 2008; Development and use of a multiplex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for detection and differentiation of Porcine circovirus-2 genotypes 2a and 2b in an epidemiological survey. J Vet Diagn Invest 20:545–558 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Grau-Roma L., Crisci E., Sibila M., López-Soria S., Nofrarias M., Cortey M., Fraile L., Olvera A., Segalés J. 2008; A proposal on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) genotype definition and their relation with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) occurrence. Vet Microbiol 128:23–35 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Halbur P. G., Paul P. S., Frey M. L., Landgraf J., Eernisse K., Meng X.-J., Lum M. A., Andrews J. J., Rathje J. A. 1995; Comparison of the pathogenicity of two US porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates with that of the Lelystad virus. Vet Pathol 32:648–660 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Halbur P. G., Paul P. S., Frey M. L., Landgraf J., Eernisse K., Meng X.-J., Andrews J. J., Lum M. A., Rathje J. A. 1996a; Comparison of the antigen distribution of two US porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates with that of the Lelystad virus. Vet Pathol 33:159–170 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Halbur P. G., Paul P. S., Meng X.-J., Lum M. A., Andrews J. J., Rathje J. A. 1996b; Comparative pathogenicity of nine US porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates in a five-week-old cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pig model. J Vet Diagn Invest 8:11–20 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Han K., Seo H. W., Oh Y., Kang I., Park C., Chae C. 2012; Pathogenesis of Korean type 1 (European genotype) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in experimentally infected pigs. J Comp Pathol 147:275–284 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Han K., Seo H. W., Oh Y., Kang I., Park C., Chae C. 2013a; Comparison of the virulence of European and North American genotypes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in experimentally infected pigs. Vet J 195:313–318 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Han K., Seo H. W., Park C., Oh Y., Kang I., Han H. J., Kim S. H., Chae C. 2013b; Comparative pathogenicity of three Korean and one Lelystad type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (pan-European subtype 1) isolates in experimentally infected pigs. J Comp Pathol 149:331–340 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Harms P. A., Sorden S. D., Halbur P. G., Bolin S. R., Lager K. M., Morozov I., Paul P. S. 2001; Experimental reproduction of severe disease in CD/CD pigs concurrently infected with type 2 porcine circovirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Pathol 38:528–539 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Kim J., Chae C. 2004; Expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 in porcine circovirus 2-induced granulomatous inflammation. J Comp Pathol 131:121–126 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Kim D., Ha Y., Oh Y., Han K., Noh S. H., Kim C., Kim S.-H., Chae C. 2010; Development of in situ hybridization assay that differentiates between two genotypes of Porcine circovirus-2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. J Vet Diagn Invest 22:231–233 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Kim D., Kim C. H., Han K., Seo H. W., Oh Y., Park C., Kang I., Chae C. 2011; Comparative efficacy of commercial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) vaccines in pigs experimentally infected with M. hyopneumoniae and PCV2. Vaccine 29:3206–3212 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Mankertz A., Persson F., Mankertz J., Blaess G., Buhk H. J. 1997; Mapping and characterization of the origin of DNA replication of porcine circovirus. J Virol 71:2562–2566[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Martínez-Lobo F. J., Díez-Fuertes F., Segalés J., García-Artiga C., Simarro I., Castro J. M., Prieto C. 2011; Comparative pathogenicity of type 1 and type 2 isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in a young pig infection model. Vet Microbiol 154:58–68 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Meerts P., Van Gucht S., Cox E., Vandebosch A., Nauwynck H. J. 2005; Correlation between type of adaptive immune response against porcine circovirus type 2 and level of virus replication. Viral Immunol 18:333–341 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Meerts P., Misinzo G., Lefebvre D., Nielsen J., Bøtner A., Kristensen C. S., Nauwynck H. J. 2006; Correlation between the presence of neutralizing antibodies against porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) and protection against replication of the virus and development of PCV2-associated disease. BMC Vet Res 2:6–16 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Murtaugh M. P., Stadejek T., Abrahante J. E., Lam T. T., Leung F. C. 2010; The ever-expanding diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virus Res 154:18–30 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Nielsen J., Vincent I. E., Bøtner A., Ladekaer-Mikkelsen A. S., Allan G., Summerfield A., McCullough K. C. 2003; Association of lymphopenia with porcine circovirus type 2 induced postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 92:97–111 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Opriessnig T., Madson D. M., Prickett J. R., Kuhar D., Lunney J. K., Elsener J., Halbur P. G. 2008a; Effect of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccination on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and PCV2 coinfection. Vet Microbiol 131:103–114 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Opriessnig T., Ramamoorthy S., Madson D. M., Patterson A. R., Pal N., Carman S., Meng X. J., Halbur P. G. 2008b; Differences in virulence among porcine circovirus type 2 isolates are unrelated to cluster type 2a or 2b and prior infection provides heterologous protection. J Gen Virol 89:2482–2491 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Opriessnig T., Gauger P. C., Faaberg K. S., Shen H., Beach N. M., Meng X.-J., Wang C., Halbur P. G. 2012; Effect of porcine circovirus type 2a or 2b on infection kinetics and pathogenicity of two genetically divergent strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in the conventional pig model. Vet Microbiol 158:69–81 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Rovira A., Balasch M., Segalés J., García L., Plana-Durán J., Rosell C., Ellerbrok H., Mankertz A., Domingo M. 2002; Experimental inoculation of conventional pigs with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus 2. J Virol 76:3232–3239 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Segalés J., Alonso F., Rosell C., Pastor J., Chianini F., Campos E., López-Fuertes L., Quintana J., Rodríguez-Arrioja G.other authors 2001; Changes in peripheral blood leukocyte populations in pigs with natural postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 81:37–44 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Segalés J., Olvera A., Grau-Roma L., Charreyre C., Nauwynck H., Larsen L., Dupont K., McCullough K., Ellis J.other authors 2008; PCV-2 genotype definition and nomenclature. Vet Rec 162:867–868 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Seo H. W., Oh Y., Han K., Park C., Chae C. 2012; Reduction of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) viremia by a reformulated inactivated chimeric PCV1-2 vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immunity after experimental PCV2 challenge. BMC Vet Res 8:194 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Thanawongnuwech R., Amonsin A., Tatsanakit A., Damrongwatanapokin S. 2004; Genetics and geographical variation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in Thailand. Vet Microbiol 101:9–21 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Wasilk A., Callahan J. D., Christopher-Hennings J., Gay T. A., Fang Y., Dammen M., Reos M. E., Torremorell M., Polson D.other authors 2004; Detection of U.S., Lelystad, and European-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses and relative quantitation in boar semen and serum samples by real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 42:4453–4461 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Wiederkehr D. D., Sydler T., Buergi E., Haessig M., Zimmermann D., Pospischil A., Brugnera E., Sidler X. 2009; A new emerging genotype subgroup within PCV-2b dominates the PMWS epizooty in Switzerland. Vet Microbiol 136:27–35 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Zimmerman J. J., Benfield D. A., Dee S. A., Murtaugh M. P., Stadejek T., Stevenson G. W., Torremorell M. 2012; Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (porcine arterivirus). In Diseases of Swine, 10th edn. pp. 461–486 Edited by Zimmerman J. J., Karriker L. A., Ramires A., Schwartz K. J., Stevenson G. W. Ames, IA: Blackwell Press;
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.066290-0
Loading
Comparison of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-associated lesions produced by co-infection between two genotypes of PCV2 and two genotypes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
J. Gen. Virol. 95, 2486 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.066290-0
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.066290-0
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.066290-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error