1887

Abstract

Foamy viruses (FVs) harbour a transcriptional transactivator (Tas) and two Tas-responsive promoter regions, one in the 5′ long terminal repeat (LTR) and the other an internal promoter (IP) in the envelope gene. To analyse the mechanism of transactivation of the FVs, the specificity of feline FV (FFV) Tas protein, which is more distantly related to the respective proteins of non-human primate origin, were investigated. FFV Tas has been shown specifically to activate gene expression from the cognate promoters. No cross-transactivation was noted of the prototype foamy virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 LTR. The putative transactivation response element of FFV Tas was mapped to the 5′ LTR U3 region (approximately nt −228 to −195). FFV Tas binds to this element in addition to a previously described sequence (position −66 to −51). It is therefore concluded that FFV Tas is a DNA-binding transactivator that interacts with at least two regions in the virus LTR.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80088-0
2004-10-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/85/10/vir852931.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80088-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bodem J., Löchelt M., Delius H., Flügel R. M. 1998; Detection of subgenomic cDNAs and mapping of feline foamy virus mRNAs reveals complex patterns of transcription. Virology 244:417–426 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bodem J., Kang Y., Flügel R. M. 2004; Comparative functional characterization of the feline foamy virus transactivator reveals its species specificity. Virology 318:32–36 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Fujii Y., Murase Y., Otake K. 8 other authors 2004; A potential live vector, foamy virus, directed intra-cellular expression of ovine interferon-τ exhibited the resistance to HIV infection. J Vet Med Sci 66:115–121 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Gendelman H. E., Phelps W., Feigenbaum L., Ostrove J. M., Adachi A., Howley P. M., Khoury G., Ginsberg H. S., Martin M. A. 1986; Transactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat sequence by DNA viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83:9759–9763 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Hatama S., Otake K., Ohta M. 9 other authors 2001a; Reactivation of feline foamy virus from chronically infected feline renal cell line by trichostatin A. Virology 283:315–323 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Hatama S., Otake K., Omoto S., Murase Y., Ikemoto A., Mochizuki M., Takahashi E., Okuyama H., Fujii Y. 2001b; Isolation and sequencing of infectious clones of feline foamy virus and a human/feline foamy virus Env chimera. J Gen Virol 82:2999–3004
    [Google Scholar]
  7. He F., Blair W. S., Fukushima J., Cullen B. R. 1996; The human foamy virus Bel-1 transcription factor is a sequence-specific DNA binding protein. J Virol 70:3902–3908
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Horvat R. T., Wood C., Balachandran N. 1989; Transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus promoter by human herpes virus 6. J Virol 63:970–973
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Kang Y., Blair W. S., Cullen B. R. 1998; Identification and functional characterization of a high-affinity Bel-1 DNA binding site located in the human foamy virus internal promoter. J Virol 72:504–511
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Keller A., Garrett E. D., Cullen B. R. 1992; The Bel-1 protein of human foamy virus activates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gene expression via a novel DNA target site. J Virol 66:3946–3949
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Lee A. H., Lee K. J., Kim S., Sung Y. C. 1992; Transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat-directed gene expression by the human foamy virus bel1 protein requires a specific DNA sequence. J Virol 66:3236–3240
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Löchelt M. 2003; Foamy virus transactivation and gene expression. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 277:27–61
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Löchelt M., Muranyi Y., Flügel R. M. 1993; Human foamy virus genome possesses an internal, Bel-1-dependent and functional promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90:7317–7321 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Olmsted R. A., Hirsch V. M., Purcell R. H., Johnson P. R. 1989; Nucleotide sequence analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus: genome organization and relationship to other lentiviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86:8088–8092 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Otake K., Omoto S., Yamamoto T. 7 other authors 2004; HIV-1 Nef in the nucleus influences adipogenesis as well as viral transcription through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. AIDS 18:189–198 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Parseval A., Elder J. H. 1999; Demonstration that orf2 encodes the feline immunodeficiency virus transactivating (Tat) protein and characterization of a unique gene product with partial Rev activity. J Virol 73:608–617
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Schwantes A., Truyen U., Weikel J., Weiss C., Löchelt M. 2003; Application of chimeric feline foamy virus-based retroviral vectors for the induction of antiviral immunity in cats. J Virol 77:7830–7842 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Seto E., Yen T. S. B., Peterlin B. M., Ou J.-H. 1988; Trans-activation of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat by the hepatitis B virus X protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85:8286–8290 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Siekevitz M., Josephs S. F., Dukovich M., Peffer N., Wong-Staal F., Greene W. C. 1987; Activation of the HIV-1 LTR by T cell mitogens and the trans-activator protein of HTLV-1. Science 238:1575–1578 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Twu J. S., Rosen C. A., Haseltine W. A., Robinson W. S. 1989; Identification of a region within the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat that is essential for transactivation by the hepatitis B virus gene X. J Virol 63:2857–2860
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Winkler I. G., Bodem J., Haas L., Zemba M., Delius H., Flower R., Flügel R. M., Löchelt M. 1997; Characterization of genome of feline foamy virus and its proteins shows distinct features different from those of primate spumaviruses. J Virol 71:6727–6741
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Winkler I. G., Löchelt M., Flower R. L. 1999; Epidemiology of feline foamy virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infections in domestic and feral cats: a seroepidemiological study. J Clin Microbiol 37:2848–2851
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Yamamoto T., Omoto S., Mizuguchi M. 7 other authors 2002; Double-stranded nef RNA interferes with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication. Microbiol Immunol 46:809–817 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Zenger E., Brown W. C., Song W., Wolf A. M., Pedersen N. C., Longnecker M., Li J., Collisson E. W. 1993; Evaluation of cofactor effect of feline syncytium-forming virus on feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Vet Res 54:713–718
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80088-0
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80088-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error