%0 Journal Article %A Omoto, Shinya %A Fujii, Yoichi R. %T Regulation of human immunodeficiency virus 1 transcription by nef microRNA %D 2005 %J Journal of General Virology, %V 86 %N 3 %P 751-755 %@ 1465-2099 %R https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.80449-0 %I Microbiology Society, %X MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ∼21–25 nt long and interact with mRNAs to lead to either translational repression or RNA cleavage through RNA interference. A previous study showed that human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) nef dsRNA from AIDS patients who are long-term non-progressors inhibited HIV-1 transcription. In the study reported here, nef-derived miRNAs in HIV-1-infected and nef transduced cells were identified, and showed that HIV-1 transcription was suppressed by nef-expressing miRNA, miR-N367, in human T cells. The miR-N367 could reduce HIV-1 LTR promoter activity through the negative responsive element of the U3 region in the 5′-LTR. Therefore, nef miRNA produced in HIV-1-infected cells may downregulate HIV-1 transcription through both a post-transcriptional pathway and a transcriptional neo-pathway. %U https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80449-0