%0 Journal Article %A Prechtel, Alexander T. %A Turza, Nadine M. %A Kobelt, Dieter J. %A Eisemann, Jutta I. %A Coffin, Robert S. %A McGrath, Yvonne %A Hacker, Christine %A Ju, Xinsheng %A Zenke, Martin %A Steinkasserer, Alexander %T Infection of mature dendritic cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 dramatically reduces lymphoid chemokine-mediated migration %D 2005 %J Journal of General Virology, %V 86 %N 6 %P 1645-1657 %@ 1465-2099 %R https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.80852-0 %I Microbiology Society, %X Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is able to establish latency in infected individuals. In order to characterize potential new immune-escape mechanisms, mature dendritic cells (DCs) were infected with HSV-1 and total cellular RNA was isolated from infected and mock-infected populations at different time points. RNA profiling on Affymetrix Human Genome U133A arrays demonstrated a dramatic downregulation of the migration-mediating surface molecules CCR7 and CXCR4, an observation that was further confirmed by RT-PCR and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses. Furthermore, migration assays revealed that, upon infection of mature DCs, CCR7- and CXCR4-mediated migration towards the corresponding CCL19 and CXCL12 chemokine gradients was strongly reduced. It is noteworthy that the infection of immature DCs with HSV-1 prior to maturation led to a failure of CCR7 and CXCR4 upregulation during DC maturation and, as a consequence, also induced a block in their migratory capacity. Additional migration assays with a Δvhs mutant virus lacking the virion host shutoff (vhs) gene, which is known to degrade cellular mRNAs, suggested a vhs-independent mechanism. These results indicate that HSV-1-infected mature DCs are limited in their capacity to migrate to secondary lymphoid organs, the areas of antigen presentation and T-cell stimulation, thus inhibiting an antiviral immune response. This represents a novel, previously unrecognized mechanism for HSV-1 to escape the human immune system. %U https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80852-0