1887

Abstract

Herpesvirus of turkey (HVT) is an alphaherpesvirus that is widely used as a live vaccine against Marek's disease because of its antigenic relationship with Marek's disease virus (MDV). In spite of a similar genome structure, HVT has several unique genes, the functions of which are not completely understood. As a first step in carrying out detailed analysis of the functions of the HVT genes, a full-length infectious bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone of HVT was constructed. DNA from two independent BAC clones, upon transfection into chicken embryo fibroblasts, produced plaques similar to those produced by the wild-type virus. Viruses derived from the BAC clones were stable during passage, but showed differences in growth kinetics compared with the wild-type virus. Using a one-step mutagenesis protocol to delete the essential glycoprotein B gene from the HVT genome, followed by construction of the revertant virus, BAC clones of HVT were shown to be amenable to standard mutagenesis techniques. In spite of the difference in growth, viruses from both clones induced 100 % protection against infection by the virulent MDV strain RB-1B, indicating that the BAC-derived viruses could be used as vaccines with efficacies similar to that of the parental virus. The construction of HVT BAC is a major step in understanding the functions of HVT genes by exploiting the power of BAC technology. Furthermore, the availability of the BAC clones enables use of HVT as a vector for expressing foreign genes.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.81498-0
2006-04-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/87/4/769.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.81498-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Afonso C. L., Tulman E. R., Lu Z., Zsak L., Rock D. L., Kutish G. F. 2001; The genome of turkey herpesvirus. J Virol 75:971–978 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Baigent S. J., Petherbridge L. J., Howes K., Smith L. P., Currie R. J., Nair V. K. 2005; Absolute quantitation of Marek's disease virus genome copy number in chicken feather and lymphocyte samples using real-time PCR. J Virol Methods 123:53–64 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Brune W., Messerle M., Koszinowski U. H. 2000; Forward with BACs: new tools for herpesvirus genomics. Trends Genet 16:254–259 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bublot M., Sharma J. 2004; Vaccination against Marek's disease. In Marek's Disease – An Evolving Problem pp  168–185 Edited by Davison T. F., Nair V. London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Cho B. R., Kenzy S. G. 1975; Horizontal transmission of turkey herpesvirus to chickens. III. Transmission in three different lines of chickens. Poult Sci 54:109–115 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Datsenko K. A., Wanner B. L. 2000; One-step inactivation of chromosomal genes in Escherichia coli K-12 using PCR products. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:6640–6645 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Fauqet C. M., Mayo M. A., Maniloff J., Desselberger U., Ball L. A. (editors) 2005 Virus Taxonomy, VIIIth Report of the ICTV London: Elsevier;
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Holland M. S., Mackenzie C. D., Bull R. W., Silva R. F. 1998; Latent turkey herpesvirus infection in lymphoid, nervous, and feather tissues of chickens. Avian Dis 42:292–299 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Islam A., Harrison B., Cheetham B. F., Mahony T. J., Young P. L., Walkden-Brown S. W. 2004; Differential amplification and quantitation of Marek's disease viruses using real-time polymerase chain reaction. J Virol Methods 119:103–113 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Karaca G., Anobile J., Downs D., Burnside J., Schmidt C. J. 2004; Herpesvirus of turkeys: microarray analysis of host gene responses to infection. Virology 318:102–111 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Kawamura H., King D. J., Anderson D. P. 1969; A herpesvirus isolated from kidney cell culture of normal turkeys. Avian Dis 13:853–863 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Kingham B. F., Zelnik V., Kopacek J., Majerciak V., Ney E., Schmidt C. J. 2001; The genome of herpesvirus of turkeys: comparative analysis with Marek's disease viruses. J Gen Virol 82:1123–1135
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Lee E. C., Yu D., Martinez de Velasco J., Tessarollo L., Swing D. A., Court D. L., Jenkins N. A., Copeland N. G. 2001; A highly efficient Escherichia coli -based chromosome engineering system adapted for recombinogenic targeting and subcloning of BAC DNA. Genomics 73:56–65 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Okazaki W., Purchase H. G., Burmester B. R. 1970; Protection against Marek's disease by vaccination with a herpesvirus of turkeys. Avian Dis 14:413–429 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Osterrieder K., Vautherot J. F. 2004; The genome content of Marek's disease-like viruses. In Marek's Disease – An Evolving Problem pp  17–31 Edited by Davison T. F., Nair V. London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Pereira L. 1994; Function of glycoprotein B homologues of the family herpesviridae. Infect Agents Dis 3:9–28
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Petherbridge L., Howes K., Baigent S. J., Sacco M. A., Evans S., Osterrieder N., Nair V. 2003; Replication-competent bacterial artificial chromosomes of Marek's disease virus: novel tools for generation of molecularly defined herpesvirus vaccines. J Virol 77:8712–8718 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Petherbridge L., Brown A. C., Baigent S. J., Howes K., Sacco M. A., Osterrieder N., Nair V. K. 2004; Oncogenicity of virulent Marek's disease virus cloned as bacterial artificial chromosomes. J Virol 78:13376–13380 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Purchase H. G., Okazaki W. 1971; Effect of vaccination with herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) on horizontal spread of Marek's disease herpesvirus. Avian Dis 15:391–397 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Rispens B. H., van Vloten H. J., Mastenbroek H., Maas H. J. L., Schat K. A. 1972; Control of Marek's disease in the Netherlands. I. Isolation of an avirulent Marek's disease virus (strain CVI988) and its use in laboratory vaccination trials. Avian Dis 16:108–125 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Sambrook J., Russell D. W. 2001 Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual , 3rd edn. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory;
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Schat K. A., Calnek B. W. 1978; Characterization of an apparently nononcogenic Marek's disease virus. J Natl Cancer Inst 60:1075–1082
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Schumacher D., Tischer B. K., Fuchs W., Osterrieder N. 2000; Reconstitution of Marek's disease virus serotype 1 (MDV-1) from DNA cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome and characterization of a glycoprotein B-negative MDV-1 mutant. J Virol 74:11088–11098 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Sharma J. M. 1987; Embryo vaccination of chickens with turkey herpesvirus – characteristics of the target-cell of early viral replication in embryonic lung. Avian Pathol 16:567–579 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Tischer B. K., Schumacher D., Messerle M., Wagner M., Osterrieder N. 2002; The products of the UL10 (gM) and the UL49.5 genes of Marek's disease virus serotype 1 are essential for virus growth in cultured cells. J Gen Virol 83:997–1003
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Tulman E. R., Afonso C. L., Lu Z., Zsak L., Rock D. L., Kutish G. F. 2000; The genome of a very virulent Marek's disease virus. J Virol 74:7980–7988 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Witter R. L. 1998; The changing landscape of Marek's disease. Avian Pathol 27:Supplement 1S46–S53 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Witter R. L., Lee L. F. 1984; Polyvalent Marek's disease vaccines, safety, efficacy and protective synergism in chickens with maternal antibodies. Avian Pathol 13:75–92 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Witter R. L., Nazerian K., Purchase H. G., Burgoyne G. H. 1970; Isolation from turkeys of a cell-associated herpesvirus antigenically related to Marek's disease virus. Am J Vet Res 31:525–538
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Witter R. L., Calnek B. W., Buscaglia C., Gimeno I. M., Schat K. A. 2005; Classification of Marek's disease viruses according to pathotype: philosophy and methodology. Avian Pathol 34:75–90 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Yu D., Ellis H. M., Lee E. C., Jenkins N. A., Copeland N. G., Court D. L. 2000; An efficient recombination system for chromosome engineering in Escherichia coli . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:5978–5983 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Zelnik V. 2003; Marek's disease virus research in the post-genomic era: new tools for the study of gene functions and virus-host interactions. Avian Pathol 32:323–333 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.81498-0
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.81498-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error