%0 Journal Article %A See, Raymond H. %A Zakhartchouk, Alexander N. %A Petric, Martin %A Lawrence, David J. %A Mok, Catherine P. Y. %A Hogan, Robert J. %A Rowe, Thomas %A Zitzow, Lois A. %A Karunakaran, Karuna P. %A Hitt, Mary M. %A Graham, Frank L. %A Prevec, Ludvik %A Mahony, James B. %A Sharon, Chetna %A Auperin, Thierry C. %A Rini, James M. %A Tingle, Aubrey J. %A Scheifele, David W. %A Skowronski, Danuta M. %A Patrick, David M. %A Voss, Thomas G. %A Babiuk, Lorne A. %A Gauldie, Jack %A Roper, Rachel L. %A Brunham, Robert C. %A Finlay, B. Brett %T Comparative evaluation of two severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) vaccine candidates in mice challenged with SARS coronavirus %D 2006 %J Journal of General Virology, %V 87 %N 3 %P 641-650 %@ 1465-2099 %R https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81579-0 %I Microbiology Society, %X Two different severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) vaccine strategies were evaluated for their ability to protect against live SARS coronavirus (CoV) challenge in a murine model of infection. A whole killed (inactivated by β-propiolactone) SARS-CoV vaccine and a combination of two adenovirus-based vectors, one expressing the nucleocapsid (N) and the other expressing the spike (S) protein (collectively designated Ad S/N), were evaluated for the induction of serum neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses and their ability to protect against pulmonary SARS-CoV replication. The whole killed virus (WKV) vaccine given subcutaneously to 129S6/SvEv mice was more effective than the Ad S/N vaccine administered either intranasally or intramuscularly in inhibiting SARS-CoV replication in the murine respiratory tract. This protective ability of the WKV vaccine correlated with the induction of high serum neutralizing-antibody titres, but not with cellular immune responses as measured by gamma interferon secretion by mouse splenocytes. Titres of serum neutralizing antibodies induced by the Ad S/N vaccine administered intranasally or intramuscularly were significantly lower than those induced by the WKV vaccine. However, Ad S/N administered intranasally, but not intramuscularly, significantly limited SARS-CoV replication in the lungs. Among the vaccine groups, SARS-CoV-specific IgA was found only in the sera of mice immunized intranasally with Ad S/N, suggesting that mucosal immunity may play a role in protection for the intranasal Ad S/N delivery system. Finally, the sera of vaccinated mice contained antibodies to S, further suggesting a role for this protein in conferring protective immunity against SARS-CoV infection. %U https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.81579-0