A new subtype of hepatitis C virus genotype 1: complete genome and phylogenetic relationships of an Equatorial Guinea isolate

References

1. Alter M. J., Kruszon-Moran D., Nainan O. V., McQuillan G. M., Gao F., Moyer L. A., Kaslow R. A., Margolis H. S. 1999; The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States; 1988 through 1994 N Engl J Med 341:556–562 [CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
2. Bukh J., Apgar C. L., Engle R., Govindarajan S., Hegerich P. A., Tellier R., Wong D. C., Elkins R., Kew M. C. 1998; Experimental infection of chimpanzees with hepatitis C virus of genotype 5a: genetic analysis of the virus and generation of a standardized challenge pool. J Infect Dis 178:1193–1197 [CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
3. Candotti D., Temple J., Sarkodie F., Allain J.-P. 2003; Frequent recovery and broad genotype 2 diversity characterize hepatitis C virus infection in Ghana, West Africa. J Virol 77:7914–7923 [CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
4. Chamberlain R. W., Adams N., Saeed A. A., Simmonds P., Elliott R. M. 1997; Complete nucleotide sequence of a type 4 hepatitis C virus variant, the predominant genotype in the Middle East. J Gen Virol 78:1341–1347
   [Google Scholar]
5. Colina R., Casane D., Vasquez S., García-Aguirre L., Chunga A., Romero H., Khan B., Cristina J. 2004; Evidence of intratypic recombination in natural populations of hepatitis C virus. J Gen Virol 85:31–37 [CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
6. Jeannel D., Fretz C., Traore Y. & 9 other authors 1998; Evidence for high genetic diversity and long-term endemicity of hepatitis C virus genotypes 1 and 2 in West Africa. J Med Virol 55:92–97 [CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
7. Kalinina O., Norder H., Mukomolov S., Magnius L. O. 2002; A natural intergenotypic recombinant of hepatitis C virus identified in St. Petersburg. J Virol 76:4034–4043 [CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
8. Lu L., Nakano T., Smallwood G. A., Heffron T. G., Robertson B. H., Hagedorn C. H. 2005; A refined long RT-PCR technique to amplify complete viral RNA genome sequences from clinical samples: application to a novel hepatitis C virus variant of genotype 6. J Virol Methods 126:139–148 [CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
9. Memon M. I., Memon M. A. 2002; Hepatitis C: an epidemiological review. J Viral Hepat 9:84–100 [CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
10. Moya A., Holmes E. C., González-Candelas F. 2004; The population genetics and evolutionary epidemiology of RNA viruses. Nat Rev Microbiol 2:279–288 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
11. Nakano T., Lu L., Liu P., Pybus O. G. 2004; Viral gene sequences reveal the variable history of hepatitis C virus infection among countries. J Infect Dis 190:1098–1108 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
12. Ndjomou J., Pybus O. G., Matz B. 2003; Phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus isolates indicates a unique pattern of endemic infection in Cameroon. J Gen Virol 84:2333–2341 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
13. Njouom R., Pasquier C., Ayouba A. & 7 other authors 2003; Hepatitis C virus infection among pregnant women in Yaounde, Cameroon: prevalence, viremia, and genotypes. J Med Virol 69:384–390 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
14. Pasquier C., Njouom R., Ayouba A. & 7 other authors 2005; Distribution and heterogeneity of hepatitis C genotypes in hepatitis patients in Cameroon. J Med Virol 77:390–398 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
15. Pybus O. G., Charleston M. A., Gupta S., Rambaut A., Holmes E. C., Harvey P. H. 2001; The epidemic behavior of the hepatitis C virus. Science 292:2323–2325 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
16. Pybus O. G., Cochrane A., Holmes E. C., Simmonds P. 2005; The hepatitis C virus epidemic among injecting drug users. Infect Genet Evol 5:131–139 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
17. Rispeter K., Lu M., Lechner S., Zibert A., Roggendorf M. 1997; Cloning and characterization of a complete open reading frame of the hepatitis C virus genome in only two cDNA fragments. J Gen Virol 78:2751–2759
    [Google Scholar]
18. Robertson B., Myers G., Howard C. & 14 other authors 1998; Classification, nomenclature, and database development for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and related viruses: proposals for standardization. Arch Virol 143:2493–2503 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
19. Salemi M., Vandamme A.-M. 2002; Hepatitis C virus evolutionary patterns studied through analysis of full-genome sequences. J Mol Evol 54:62–70 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
20. Simmonds P. 2004; Genetic diversity and evolution of hepatitis C virus – 15 years on. J Gen Virol 85:3173–3188 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
21. Simmonds P., Holmes E. C., Cha T.-A. & 7 other authors 1993; Classification of hepatitis C virus into six major genotypes and a series of subtypes by phylogenetic analysis of the NS-5 region. J Gen Virol 74:2391–2399 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
22. Simmonds P., Bukh J., Combet C. & 19 other authors 2005; Consensus proposals for a unified system of nomenclature of hepatitis C virus genotypes. Hepatology 42:962–973 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
23. Stuyver L., van Arnhem W., Wyseur A., Hernandez F., Delaporte E., Maertens G. 1994; Classification of hepatitis C viruses based on phylogenetic analysis of the envelope 1 and nonstructural 5B regions and identification of five additional subtypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:10134–10138 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
24. Thomson B. J., Finch R. G. 2005; Hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 11:86–94 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
25. Tokita H., Okamoto H., Tsuda F. & 7 other authors (1994a). Hepatitis C virus variants from Vietnam are classifiable into the seventh, eighth, and ninth major genetic groups. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:11022–11026 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
26. Tokita H., Shrestha S. M., Okamoto H., Sakamoto M., Horikita M., Iizuka H., Shrestha S., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. 1994b; Hepatitis C virus variants from Nepal with novel genotypes and their classification into the third major group. J Gen Virol 75:931–936 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
27. Tokita H., Okamoto H., Luengrojanakul P., Vareesangthip K., Chainuvati T., Iizuka H., Tsuda F., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. 1995; Hepatitis C virus variants from Thailand classifiable into five novel genotypes in the sixth (6b), seventh (7c, 7d) and ninth (9b, 9c) major genetic groups. J Gen Virol 76:2329–2335 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
28. Tokita H., Okamoto H., Iizuka H., Kishimoto J., Tsuda F., Lesmana L. A., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. 1996; Hepatitis C virus variants from Jakarta, Indonesia classifiable into novel genotypes in the second (2e and 2f), tenth (10a) and eleventh (11a) genetic groups. J Gen Virol 77:293–301 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
29. WHO 1999; Global surveillance and control of hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat 6:35–47 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]