1887

Abstract

The emergence of variant fowlpox viruses (FWPVs) and increasing field use of recombinants against avian influenza H5N1 emphasize the need to monitor vaccines and to distinguish them from field strains. Five commercial vaccines, two laboratory viruses and two European field isolates were characterized by PCR and sequencing at 18 loci differing between attenuated FP9 and its pathogenic progenitor. PCR failed to discriminate between the viruses and sequence determination revealed no significant differences at any locus, except for a polymorphic locus encompassed by deletion 24 (9.3 kbp) in FP9. Surprisingly, ‘novel’ previously unreported sequence (spanning 1.2 kbp) was found in both European field isolates and three of the vaccines. It was absent from the other two vaccines, removed by a 1.2 kbp deletion identical to that surprisingly also observed in the completely sequenced genome of FPV USDA. This locus (H9) adds a potentially useful tool for discriminating between FWPV field isolates and vaccines.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.82373-0
2006-12-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/87/12/3545.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.82373-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Afonso C. L., Tulman E. R., Lu Z., Zsak L., Kutish G. F., Rock D. L. 2000; The genome of fowlpox virus. J Virol 74:3815–3831 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Back A., Soncini R. A., Ruthes O., Madureira S. Jr, Flores R. 1995; An atypical fowl pox outbreak in broilers in southern Brazil. Avian Dis 39:902–906 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bailey T. A., Silvanose C., Manvell R., Gough R. E., Kinne J., Combreau O., Launay F. 2002; Medical dilemmas associated with rehabilitating confiscated houbara bustards ( Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii ) after avian pox and paramyxovirus type 1 infection. J Wildl Dis 38:518–532 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bolte A. L., Meurer J., Kaleta E. F. 1999; Avian host spectrum of avipoxviruses. Avian Pathol 28:415–432 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Boyle D. B., Pye A. D., Coupar B. E. H. 1997; Comparison of field and vaccine strains of Australian fowlpox viruses. Arch Virol 142:737–748 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bradley R. R., Terajima M. 2005; Vaccinia virus K1L protein mediates host-range function in RK-13 cells via ankyrin repeat and may interact with a cellular GTPase-activating protein. Virus Res 114:104–112 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Camus-Bouclainville C., Fiette L., Bouchiha S., Pignolet B., Counor D., Filipe C., Gelfi J., Messud-Petit F. 2004; A virulence factor of myxoma virus colocalizes with NF- κ B in the nucleus and interferes with inflammation. J Virol 78:2510–2516 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Hall B. G. 2001 Phylogenetic Trees Made Easy: A How-To Manual for Molecular Biologists Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates;
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Hertig C., Coupar B. E. H., Gould A. R., Boyle D. B. 1997; Field and vaccine strains of fowlpox virus carry integrated sequences from the avian retrovirus, reticuloendotheliosis virus. Virology 235:367–376 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Jarmin S., Manvell R., Gough R. E., Laidlaw S. M., Skinner M. A. 2006; Avipoxvirus phylogenetics: identification of a PCR length polymorphism that discriminates between the two major clades. J Gen Virol 87:2191–2201 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Johnston J. B., Wang G., Barrett J. W., Nazarian S. H., Colwill K., Moran M., McFadden G. 2005; Myxoma virus M-T5 protects infected cells from the stress of cell cycle arrest through its interaction with host cell cullin-1. J Virol 79:10750–10763 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Laidlaw S. M., Skinner M. A. 2004; Comparison of the genome sequence of FP9, an attenuated, tissue culture-adapted European strain of Fowlpox virus , with those of virulent American and European viruses. J Gen Virol 85:305–322 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Mayr A., Malicki K. 1966; Attenuierung von virulentem Hühnerpockenvirus in Zellkulturen und Eigenschaften des attenuierten Virus. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 13:1–13 (in German
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Mercer A. A., Fleming S. B., Ueda N. 2005; F-box-like domains are present in most poxvirus ankyrin repeat proteins. Virus Genes 31:127–133 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Rutherford K., Parkhill J., Crook J., Horsnell T., Rice P., Rajandream M.-A., Barrell B. 2000; Artemis: sequence visualization and annotation. Bioinformatics 16:944–945 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Shisler J. L., Jin X. L. 2004; The vaccinia virus K1L gene product inhibits host NF- κ B activation by preventing I κ B α degradation. J Virol 78:3553–3560 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Singh P., Kim T.-J., Tripathy D. N. 2000; Re-emerging fowlpox: evaluation of isolates from vaccinated flocks. Avian Pathol 29:449–455 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Singh P., Schnitzlein W. M., Tripathy D. N. 2003; Reticuloendotheliosis virus sequences within the genomes of field strains of fowlpox virus display variability. J Virol 77:5855–5862 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Skinner M. A., Laidlaw S. M., Eldaghayes I., Kaiser P., Cottingham M. G. 2005; Fowlpox virus as a recombinant vaccine vector for use in mammals and poultry. Expert Rev Vaccines 4:63–76 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Swayne D. E., Garcia M., Beck J. R., Kinney N., Suarez D. L. 2000; Protection against diverse highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza viruses in chickens immunized with a recombinant fowlpox vaccine containing an H5 avian influenza hemagglutinin gene insert. Vaccine 18:1088–1095 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Staden R. 1982; Automation of the computer handling of gel reading data produced by the shotgun method of DNA sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res 10:4731–4751 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Thompson J. D., Gibson T. J., Plewniak F., Jeanmougin F., Higgins D. G. 1997; The clustal_x windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4876–4882 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Tripathy D. N., Reed W. M. 2003; Pox. In Diseases of Poultry , 11th edn. pp  253–269 Edited by Saif Y. M., Barnes H. J., Calnek B. W., Glisson J. R., Fadly A. M., McDougald L. R., Swayne D. E. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Tulman E. R., Afonso C. L., Lu Z., Zsak L., Kutish G. F., Rock D. L. 2004; The genome of canarypox virus. J Virol 78:353–366 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Wang G., Barrett J. W., Stanford M., Werden S. J., Johnston J. B., Gao X., Sun M., Cheng J. Q., McFadden G. 2006; Infection of human cancer cells with myxoma virus requires Akt activation via interaction with a viral ankyrin-repeat host range factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:4640–4645 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.82373-0
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.82373-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error