1887

Abstract

Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) occurs as sporadic outbreaks associated with ingestion of feed presumably contaminated with some type of prion disease. Mink lack a species barrier to primary oral challenge with bovine spongiform encephalopathy, whereas they have a barrier to such challenge with scrapie. We investigated whether mink have a species barrier to chronic wasting disease (CWD) by performing primary intracerebral (IC) and primary oral challenge with CWD-positive elk brain. Primary IC challenge resulted in clinical disease in two of eight mink at 31–33 months incubation. Affected mink had spongiform vacuolation and astrocytosis within the central nervous system and immunoreactivity to disease-associated prion protein (PrP) in brain, retina and lymph node. CWD IC recipients had significantly lower brain vacuolation and PrP deposition scores, significantly lower cerebrocortical astrocyte counts and significantly higher hippocampal astrocyte counts than TME IC recipients. Primary oral challenge with CWD-positive elk brain (=22) or with CWD-negative elk brain given IC (=7) or orally (=23) did not result in clinical or microscopic abnormalities during 42 months observation. Novel prion gene polymorphisms were identified at codon 27 (arginine/tryptophan) and codon 232 (arginine/lysine). This study shows that, whilst CWD can cause disease when given IC to mink, the lesions are not characteristic of TME, transmission is inefficient compared with TME and oral challenge does not result in disease. The demonstration of a species barrier in cervid-to-mustelid prion transmission indicates that mink are unlikely to be involved in natural CWD transmission.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.83422-0
2008-04-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/89/4/1086.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.83422-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bartz J. C., McKenzie D. I., Bessen R. A., Marsh R. F., Aiken J. M. 1994; Transmissible mink encephalopathy species barrier effect between ferret and mink: PrP gene and protein analysis. J Gen Virol 75:2947–2953 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bartz J. C., Marsh R. F., McKenzie D. I., Aiken J. M. 1998; The host range of chronic wasting disease is altered on passage in ferrets. Virology 251:297–301 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Belay E. D., Maddox R. A., Williams E. S., Miller M. W., Gambetti P., Schonberger L. B. 2004; Chronic wasting disease and potential transmission to humans. Emerg Infect Dis 10:977–984 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bruce M., Boyle A., McConnell I. 2004; TSE strain typing in mice. In Techniques in Prion Research pp 132–146Edited by Lehmann S., Grassi J. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag;
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Diringer H., Roehmel J., Beekes M. 1998; Effect of repeated oral infection of hamsters with scrapie. J Gen Virol 79:609–612
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Eckroade R., Zu Rhein G. M., Hanson R. P. 1979; Experimental transmissible mink encephalopathy: brain lesions and their sequential development in mink. In Slow Transmissible Diseases of the Nervous System pp 409–449Edited by Prusiner S. B., Hadlow W. J. New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Hadlow W. J., Karstad L. 1968; Transmissible encephalopathy of mink in Ontario. Can Vet J 9:193–196
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Hamir A. N., Gidlewski T., Spraker T. R., Miller J. M., Creekmore L., Crocheck M., Cline T., , O'; Rourke K. I. 2006a; Preliminary observations of genetic susceptibility of elk ( Cervus elaphus nelsoni ) to chronic wasting disease by experimental oral inoculation. J Vet Diagn Invest 18:110–114 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Hamir A. N., Kunkle R. A., Miller J. M., Bartz J. C., Richt J. A. 2006b; First and second cattle passage of transmissible mink encephalopathy by intracerebral inoculation. Vet Pathol 43:118–126 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Hanson R. P., Eckroade R. J., Marsh R. F., Zu Rhein G. M., Kanitz C. L., Gustafson D. P. 1971; Susceptibility of mink to sheep scrapie. Science 172:859–861 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Hartsough G. R., Burger D. 1965; Encephalopathy of mink. I. Epizootiologic and clinical observations. J Infect Dis 115:387–392 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Kong Q., Huang S., Zou W., Vanegas D., Wang M., Wu D., Yuan J., Zheng M., Bai H. other authors 2005; Chronic wasting disease of elk: transmissibility to humans examined by transgenic mouse models. J Neurosci 25:7944–7949 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Kretzschmar H. A., Neumann M., Riethmuller G., Prusiner S. B. 1992; Molecular cloning of a mink prion protein gene. J Gen Virol 73:2757–2761 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Kurt T. D., Perrott M. R., Wilusz C. J., Wilusz J., Supattapone S., Telling G. C., Zabel M. D., Hoover E. A. 2007; Efficient in vitro amplification of chronic wasting disease PrPRES . J Virol 81:9605–9608 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Ma J., Wollmann R., Lindquist S. 2002; Neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration when PrP accumulates in the cytosol. Science 298:1781–1785 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Marsh R. F., Bessen R. A. 1993; Epidemiologic and experimental studies on transmissible mink encephalopathy. Dev Biol Stand 80:111–118
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Marsh R. F., Hadlow W. J. 1992; Transmissible mink encephalopathy. Rev Sci Tech 11:539–550
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Marsh R. F., Hanson R. P. 1979; On the origin of transmissible mink encephalopathy. In Slow Transmissible Diseases of the Nervous System . pp 451–460Edited by Prusiner S. B., Hadlow W. J. New York: Academic Press;
  19. Marsh R. F., Sipe J. C., Morse S. S., Hanson R. P. 1976; Transmissible mink encephalopathy. Reduced spongiform degeneration in aged mink of the Chediak-Higashi genotype. Lab Invest 34:381–386
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Marsh R. F., Bessen R. A., Lehmann S., Hartsough G. R. 1991; Epidemiological and experimental studies on a new incident of transmissible mink encephalopathy. J Gen Virol 72:589–594 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Marsh R. F., Kincaid A. E., Bessen R. A., Bartz J. C. 2005; Interspecies transmission of chronic wasting disease prions to squirrel monkeys ( Saimiri sciureus ). J Virol 79:13794–13796 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. MaWhinney S., Pape W. J., Forster J. E., Anderson C. A., Bosque P. J., Miller M. W. 2006; Human prion disease and relative risk associated with chronic wasting disease. Emerg Infect Dis 12:1527–1535 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. , O'; Rourke K. I., Besser T. E., Miller M. W., Cline T. F., Spraker T. R., Jenny A. L., Wild M. A., Zebarth G. L., Williams E. S. 1999; PrP genotypes of captive and free-ranging Rocky Mountain elk ( Cervus elaphus nelsoni ) with chronic wasting disease. J Gen Virol 80:2765–2769
    [Google Scholar]
  24. , O'; Rourke K. I., Baszler T. V., Besser T. E., Miller J. M., Cutlip R. C., Wells G. A., Ryder S. J., Parish S. M., Hamir A. N. other authors 2000; Preclinical diagnosis of scrapie by immunohistochemistry of third eyelid lymphoid tissue. J Clin Microbiol 38:3254–3259
    [Google Scholar]
  25. , O'; Rourke K. I., Zhuang D., Lyda A., Gomez G., Williams E. S., Tuo W., Miller M. W. 2003; Abundant PrPCWD in tonsil from mule deer with preclinical chronic wasting disease. J Vet Diagn Invest 15:320–323 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. , O'; Rourke K. I., Spraker T. R., Hamburg L. K., Besser T. E., Brayton K. A., Knowles D. P. 2004; Polymorphisms in the prion precursor functional gene but not the pseudogene are associated with susceptibility to chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer. J Gen Virol 85:1339–1346 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. , O'; Rourke K. I., Spraker T. R., Zhuang D., Greenlee J. J., Gidlewski T. E., Hamir A. N. 2007; Elk with a long incubation prion disease phenotype have a unique PrPd profile. Neuroreport 18:1935–1938 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Perrott M. R., Sigurdson C. J., Mathiason C. K., Foos T. L., Eliason G. A., Hoover E. A. 2004; Chronic wasting disease of deer and elk: a ferret model. In Abstracts of Animal Prion Diseases and the Americas Ames, IA, USA: 14–16 October 2004 p– 93
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Prusiner S. B. 1998; Prions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:13363–13383 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Raymond G. J., Bossers A., Raymond L. D., , O'; Rourke K. I., McHolland L. E., Bryant P. K. III, Miller M. W., Williams E. S., Smits M., Caughey B. 2000; Evidence of a molecular barrier limiting susceptibility of humans, cattle and sheep to chronic wasting disease. EMBO J 19:4425–4430 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Robinson M. M., Hadlow W. J., Huff T. P., Wells G. A., Dawson M., Marsh R. F., Gorham J. R. 1994; Experimental infection of mink with bovine spongiform encephalopathy. J Gen Virol 75:2151–2155 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Robinson M. M., Hadlow W. J., Knowles D. P., Huff T. P., Lacy P. A., Marsh R. F., Gorham J. R. 1995; Experimental infection of cattle with the agents of transmissible mink encephalopathy and scrapie. J Comp Pathol 113:241–251 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Sambrook J., Fritsch E., Maniatis T. 1989 Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual , 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory;
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Sigurdson C. J., Williams E. S., Miller M. W., Spraker T. R., , O'; Rourke K. I., Hoover E. A. 1999; Oral transmission and early lymphoid tropism of chronic wasting disease PrPres in mule deer fawns ( Odocoileus hemionus ). J Gen Virol 80:2757–2764
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Sigurdson C. J., Mathiason C. K., Miller M. W., Perrott M. R., Eliason G. A., Spraker T. R., Bartz J. C., Hoover E. A. 2003; Experimental infection and bioassay of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in the ferret. In Keystone Symposium on the Molecular Aspects of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Breckenridge CO, USA: 2–6 April 2003, poster presentation 223
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Spraker T. R., Miller M. W., Williams E. S., Getzy D. M., Adrian W. J., Schoonveld G. G., Spowart R. A., , O'; Rourke K. I., Miller J. M., Merz P. A. 1997; Spongiform encephalopathy in free-ranging mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus ), white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) and Rocky Mountain elk ( Cervus elaphus nelsoni ) in northcentral Colorado. J Wildl Dis 33:1–6 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Spraker T. R., Zink R. R., Cummings B. A., Wild M. A., Miller M. W., O'; Rourke, I K. 2002; Comparison of histological lesions and immunohistochemical staining of proteinase-resistant prion protein in a naturally occurring spongiform encephalopathy of free-ranging mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus ) with those of chronic wasting disease of captive mule deer. Vet Pathol 39:110–119 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Tamguney G., Giles K., Bouzamondo-Bernstein E., Bosque P. J., Miller M. W., Safar J., DeArmond S. J., Prusiner S. B. 2006; Transmission of elk and deer prions to transgenic mice. J Virol 80:9104–9114 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Williams E. S. 2005; Chronic wasting disease. Vet Pathol 42:530–549 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Williams E. S., Young S. 1980; Chronic wasting disease of captive mule deer: a spongiform encephalopathy. J Wildl Dis 16:89–98 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Zeidler M., Stewart G., Cousens S. N., Estibeiro K., Will R. G. 1997; Codon 129 genotype and new variant CJD. Lancet 350:668
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.83422-0
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.83422-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error