1887

Journal of General Virology header logo

Volume 89, Issue 8

D2: major subgenotype of hepatitis B virus in Russia and the Baltic region Free

Abstract

Complete or almost complete hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes were sequenced for 13 genotype A and 42 genotype D strains from the former USSR. The strains were classifiable within subgenotypes A2, D1, D2 and D3. Comparison of the deduced gene products for the four ORFs of 89 genotype D strains revealed 27 subgenotype-specific residues, and a region spanning residues 58–128 in the spacer region of the P gene could be used to distinguish between D1 and D4. This enabled the allocation to subgenotype of strains with partially sequenced genomes. D2 was dominating, while D3 was found in low frequency in the whole region. D1 was most prevalent in the Middle Asian Republics. Mean inter-subgenotype divergences between D1 and D2, D1 and D3 and D2 and D3 were 2.7, 3.4 and 3.4 %, respectively. The intra-subgenotype divergence was 0.4, 1.1, 1.0 and 1.8 % for A2, D1, D2 and D3, respectively. All D1 and D3 strains encoded subtype , whereas most D2 strains encoded . Two D2 strains encoded . Strains with identical S genes were closely related at the level of complete genomes and formed geographically specific clades with low intraclade divergences, possibly indicating past iatrogenic spread. It is not clear whether the finding of four subgenotypes in the area corresponds to separate introductions of the virus or to previous population migrations into the area. An earlier introduction of D3 compared with D2 was supported by its higher intra-subgenotype divergence, while the lower divergence within D1 is probably due to a more recent emergence.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
SGM
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.83660-0
2008-08-01
2024-04-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/89/8/1829.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.83660-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Amini-Bavil-Olyaee S., Sarrami-Forooshani R., Adeli A., Sabahi F., Abachi M., Azizi M., Mahboudi F. 2005; Complete genomic sequence and phylogenetic relatedness of hepatitis B virus isolates from Iran. J Med Virol 76:318–326 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Arauz-Ruiz P., Norder H., Robertson B. H., Magnius L. O. 2002; Genotype H: a new Amerindian genotype of hepatitis B virus revealed in Central America. J Gen Virol 83:2059–2073
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Bancroft W. H., Mundon F. K., Russell P. K. 1972; Detection of additional antigenic determinants of hepatitis B antigen. J Immunol 109:842–848
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Banerjee A., Kurbanov F., Datta S., Chandra P. K., Tanaka Y., Mizokami M., Chakravarty R. 2006; Phylogenetic relatedness and genetic diversity of hepatitis B virus isolates in Eastern India. J Med Virol 78:1164–1174 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Bozdayi G., Turkyilmaz A. R., Idilman R., Karatayli E., Rota S., Yurdaydin C., Bozdayi A. M. 2005; Complete genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis B virus isolated from Turkish patients with chronic HBV infection. J Med Virol 76:476–481 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Couroucé, A. M., Holland P. V., Muller J. Y., Soulier J. P. 1976; HBsAg subtypes. In Bibliotheca Hematologica vol 42p–133 Basel: Karger;
     [Google Scholar]
  7. De Maddalena C., Giambelli C., Tanzi E., Colzani D., Schiavini M., Milazzo L., Bernini F., Ebranati E., Cargnel A.other authors 2007; High level of genetic heterogeneity in S and P genes of genotype D hepatitis B virus. Virology 365:113–124 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Gunther S., Li B. C., Miska S., Kruger D. H., Meisel H., Will H. 1995; A novel method for efficient amplification of whole hepatitis B virus genomes permits rapid functional analysis and reveals deletion mutants in immunosuppressed patients. J Virol 69:5437–5444
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Huy T. T., Ushijima H., Sata T., Abe K. 2006; Genomic characterization of HBV genotype F in Bolivia: genotype F subgenotypes correlate with geographic distribution and T; (1858 variant. Arch Virol 151:589–597 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Kramvis A., Weitzmann L., Owiredu W. K., Kew M. C. 2002; Analysis of the complete genome of subgroup A′ hepatitis B virus isolates from South Africa. J Gen Virol 83:835–839
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Kramvis A., Restorp K., Norder H., Botha J. F., Magnius L. O., Kew M. C. 2005; Full genome analysis of hepatitis B virus genotype E strains from South-Western Africa and Madagascar reveals low genetic variability. J Med Virol 77:47–52 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Kramvis A., Arakawa K., Yu M. C., Nogueira R., Stram D. O., Kew M. C. 2008; Relationship of serological subtype, basic core promoter and precore mutations to genotypes/subgenotypes of hepatitis B virus. J Med Virol 80:27–46 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Kurbanov F., Tanaka Y., Fujiwara K., Sugauchi F., Mbanya D., Zekeng L., Ndembi N., Ngansop C., Kaptue L.other authors 2005; A new subtype (subgenotype) Ac (A3) of hepatitis B virus and recombination between genotypes A and E in Cameroon. J Gen Virol 86:2047–2056 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Lazarevic I., Cupic M., Delic D., Svirtlih N. S., Simonovic J., Jovanovic T. 2007; Distribution of HBV genotypes, subgenotypes and HBsAg subtypes among chronically infected patients in Serbia. Arch Virol 152:2017–2025 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Le Bouvier G. L. 1971; The heterogeneity of Australia antigen. J Infect Dis 123:671–675 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Liu W. C., Phiet P. H., Chiang T. Y., Sun K. T., Hung K. H., Young K. C., Wu I. C., Cheng P. N., Chang T. T. 2007; Five subgenotypes of hepatitis B virus genotype B with distinct geographic and virological characteristics. Virus Res 129:212–223 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Magnius L. O., Kaplan L., Vyas G. N., Perkins H. A. 1975; A new virus-specified determinant of hepatitis B surface antigen. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [B] 83:295–297
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Makuwa M., Souquiere S., Telfer P., Apetrei C., Vray M., Bedjabaga I., Mouinga-Ondeme A., Onanga R., Marx P. A.other authors 2006; Identification of hepatitis B virus subgenotype A3 in rural Gabon. J Med Virol 78:1175–1184 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Michitaka K., Tanaka Y., Horiike N., Duong T. N., Chen Y., Matsuura K., Hiasa Y., Mizokami M., Onji M. 2006; Tracing the history of hepatitis B virus genotype D in western Japan. J Med Virol 78:44–52 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Naumann H., Schaefer S., Yoshida C. F., Gaspar A. M., Repp R., Gerlich W. H. 1993; Identification of a new hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype from Brazil that expresses HBV surface antigen subtype adw4 . J Gen Virol 74:1627–1632 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Norder, H., Couroucé, A. M. & Magnius, L. O. 1992; Molecular basis of hepatitis B virus serotype variations within the four major subtypes. J Gen Virol 73:3141–3145 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Norder, H., Couroucé, A. M. & Magnius, L. O. 1994; Complete genomes, phylogenetic relatedness, and structural proteins of six strains of the hepatitis B virus, four of which represent two new genotypes. Virology 198:489–503 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Norder H., Ebert J. W., Fields H. A., Mushahwar I. K., Magnius L. O. 1996; Complete sequencing of a gibbon hepatitis B virus genome reveals a unique genotype distantly related to the chimpanzee hepatitis B virus. Virology 218:214–223 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Norder H., Courouce A. M., Coursaget P., Echevarria J. M., Lee S. D., Mushahwar I. K., Robertson B. H., Locarnini S., Magnius L. O. 2004; Genetic diversity of hepatitis B virus strains derived worldwide: genotypes, subgenotypes, and HBsAg subtypes. Intervirology 47:289–309 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Okamoto H., Imai M., Tsuda F., Tanaka T., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. 1987; Point mutation in the S gene of hepatitis B virus for a d/y or w/r subtypic change in two blood donors carrying a surface antigen of compound subtype adyr or adwr. J Virol 61:3030–3034
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Okamoto H., Tsuda F., Sakugawa H., Sastrosoewinjo R., Imai M., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. 1988; Typing hepatitis B virus by homology in nucleotide sequence: comparison of surface antigen subtypes. J Gen Virol 69:2575–2583 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Sakamoto T., Tanaka Y., Orito E., Co J., Clavio J., Sugauchi F., Ito K., Ozasa A., Quino A. 2006; Novel subtypes (subgenotypes) of hepatitis B virus genotypes B and C among chronic liver disease patients in the Philippines. J Gen Virol 87:1873–1882 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Stuyver L., De Gendt S., Van Geyt C., Zoulim F., Freid M., Schinazi R. F., Rossau R. 2000; A new genotype of hepatitis B virus: complete genome and phylogenetic relatedness. J Gen Virol 81:67–74
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Sugauchi F., Kumada H., Acharya S. A., Shrestha S. M., Gamutan M. T., Khan M., Gish R. G., Tanaka Y., Kato T. 2004; Epidemiological and sequence differences between two subtypes (Ae and Aa) of hepatitis B virus genotype A. J Gen Virol 85:811–820 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Tallo T., Norder H., Tefanova V., Krispin T., Priimagi L., Mukomolov S., Mikhailov M., Magnius L. O. 2004; Hepatitis B virus genotype D strains from Estonia share sequence similarity with strains from Siberia and may specify ayw4 . J Med Virol 74:221–227 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.83660-0
Loading
D2: major subgenotype of hepatitis B virus in Russia and the Baltic region
J. Gen. Virol. 89, 1829 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.83660-0
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.83660-0
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.83660-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error