Rapid Inactivation of Rotaviruses by Exposure to Acid Buffer or Acidic Gastric Juice

References

1. Babiuk L. A., Mohammed K., Spence L., Fauvel M., Peter R. 1977; Rotavirus isolation and cultivation in the presence of trypsin. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 6:610–617
   [Google Scholar]
2. Barnett B. 1983; Viral gastroenteritis. Medical Clinics of North America 67:1031–1058
   [Google Scholar]
3. Borden E. C., Shope R. E., Murphy F. A. 1971; Physicochemical and morphological relationships of some arthropod-borne viruses to bluetongue virus-a new taxonomic group. Physicochemical and serological studies. Journal of Genera! Virology 13:261–271
   [Google Scholar]
4. Carley J. G., Standfast H. A. 1969; Corriparta virus: properties and multiplication in experimentally inoculated mosquitos. American Journal of Epidemiology 89:583–592
   [Google Scholar]
5. Clark H. F., Offit P. A., Dolan K., Furukawa T., Bell L., Plotkin S. A. 1985; Rotaviruses (RV) of bovine and human origin: immune response of adults and children following oral administration. Pediatric Research 19:290A
   [Google Scholar]
6. Dukes H. H. 1955 The Physiology of Domestic Animals 7th edn Ithaca: Comstock Publishing Associates;
   [Google Scholar]
7. Estes M. K., Graham D. Y., Smith E. M., Gerba C. P. 1979; Rotavirus stability and inactivation. Journal of General Virology 43:403–409
   [Google Scholar]
8. Estes M., Palmer E., Obijeski J. 1983; Rotavirus: a review. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 105:124–168
   [Google Scholar]
9. Feldman M., Richardson C. T. 1981; Gastric acid. Secretion in humans. In Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract pp 693–707 Edited by Johnson L. R. New York: Raven Press;
   [Google Scholar]
10. Gryboski J., Walker W. A. 1983 Gastrointestinal Problems in the Infant 2nd edn., pp 217 Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders and Company;
    [Google Scholar]
11. Hess R. G., Bachmann P. A. 1976; In vitro differentiation and pH sensitivity of field and cell culture-attenuated strains of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Infection and Immunity 13:1642–1646
    [Google Scholar]
12. Hill K. J., Noakes D. E., Lowe R. A. 1970; The physiology of digestion and metabolism in the ruminant. Session 3: Gastric digestive physiology of the calf and piglet. In Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium (Aug. 1969), p 166 Edited by Phillipson A. T. Newcastle upon Tyne: Oriel Press;
    [Google Scholar]
13. Macpherson I., Stoker M. 1962; Polyoma transformation of hamster cell clones-an investigation of genetic factors affecting ceil competence. Virology 16:147–151
    [Google Scholar]
14. Malherbe H. H., Strickland-Cholmley M. 1969; Simian virus SAII and the related O agent. Archiv für die gesamte Virusforsehung 22:235–245
    [Google Scholar]
15. Mayes P. A. 1983; Digestion/absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. In Harpers Review of Biochemistry 19th edn., p 546 Edited by Mayes P. A., Martin D. W., Rodwell V. W. Los Altos: Lange Medical Publishers;
    [Google Scholar]
16. Mebus C. A., White R. G., Bass E. P., Twiehaus M. I. 1973; Immunity to neonatal calf diarrhea virus. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 163:880–883
    [Google Scholar]
17. Offit P. T., Clark H. F., Stroop W. G., Twist E. M., Plotkin S. A. 1983; The cultivation of human rotavirus, strain ‘Wa’, to high titer in cell culture and characterization of the viral structural polypeptides. Journal of Virological Methods 7:29–40
    [Google Scholar]
18. Owen N. C. 1964; Investigations into the pH stability of bluetongue virus and its survival in mutton and beef. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 31:109–118
    [Google Scholar]
19. Ozawa Y. 1968; Studies on the properties of AHS virus. Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology 21:27–39
    [Google Scholar]
20. Rodger S. M., Schnagl R., Holmes I. 1977; Further biochemical characterization, including the detection of surface glycoproteins, of human, calf, and simian rotaviruses. Journal of Virology 24:91–98
    [Google Scholar]
21. Stanley N. F. 1967; Reoviruses. British Medical Bulletin 23:150–155
    [Google Scholar]
22. Stuker G., Oshiro L. S., Schmidt N. J. 1980; Antigenic comparisons of two new rotaviruses from Rhesus monkeys. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 11:202–203
    [Google Scholar]
23. Vesikari T., Isolauri E., Delem A., D’Hondt E., Andre F., Francis E., Zissis G. 1983; Immunogenicity and safety of live oral attenuated bovine rotavirus vaccine strain RIT 4237 in adults and young children. Lancet ii:807–811
    [Google Scholar]
24. Vesikari T., Isolauri E., Delem A., D’hondt E., Andre F., Francis E., Zissis G. 1984a; Protection of infants against rotavirus diarrhoea by RIT 4237 attenuated bovine rotavirus strain vaccine. Lancet i:977–980
    [Google Scholar]
25. Vesikari T., Isolauri E., D’hondt E., Delem A., Andre F. 1984b; Increased ‘take’ rate of oral rotavirus vaccine in infants after milk feeding. Lancet ii:700
    [Google Scholar]
26. Wallis C., Smith K., Melnick J. 1964; Reovirus activation by heating and inactivation by cooling in MgCl₂ solutions. Virology 22:608–619
    [Google Scholar]
27. Wyatt R. G., James W. D., Bohl E. H., Theil K. W., Saif L. J., Kalica A. R., Greenberg H. B., Kapikian A. Z., Chanock R. M. 1980; Human rotavirus type 2: cultivation in vitro. Science 207:189–191
    [Google Scholar]