1887

Abstract

SUMMARY

The so-called M-variant (especially subtype D) of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) induces a diabetes-like syndrome in certain mouse strains which may serve as a model of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in man. The development and course of diabetes was influenced by a number of virus and host factors, among these being virus strain, virus dose, mouse strain, age, sex, and the host’s immunological status. In a D-variant stock of EMCV, we found a virus plaque variant (PV 2) diabetogenic for DBA/2 mice, and at least one variant (PV 7) that did not affect carbohydrate metabolism. Although the diabetogenicity of PV 2 proved to be a genetically stable characteristic after further passages and , the incidence of diabetes varied somewhat (mean value 65% in 10-week-old DBA/2 mice infected with 10 p.f.u.). Both lower (10 or 10 p.f.u.) and higher (10 or 10 p.f.u.) virus doses led to a diminished incidence and severity of diabetes. In younger animals (5 weeks) transient hyperglycaemia often appeared, whereas in older animals (20 weeks) there was a higher rate of mortality. Histological examination of the islets of Langerhans in diabetes-susceptible (DBA/2) and resistant (C57BL/6) mice revealed that EMCV-induced hyperglycaemia appeared to develop in parallel to islet cell damage. Even in diabetic animals, some unaffected islets were regularly found. This study demonstrates that EMCV mutants may have completely different biological effects and produce diabetes only in special circumstances. Host factors play a significant role in the development of diabetes.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-66-4-727
1985-04-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/66/4/JV0660040727.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-66-4-727&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Boucher D. W., Hayashi K., Rosenthal J., Notkins A. L. 1975; Virus-induced diabetes mellitus. III. Influence of the sex and strain of the host. Journal of Infectious Diseases 131:462–466
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Craighead J. E. 1966a; Pathogenicity of the M and E variants of the encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus. 1. Myocardiotropic and neurotropic properties. American Journal of Pathology 48:333–345
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Craighead J. E. 1966b; Pathogenicity of the M and E variants of the encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus. II. Lesions of the pancreas, parotid and lacrimal glands. American Journal of Pathology 48:375–386
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Craighead J. E., Higgins D. A. 1974; Genetic influences affecting the occurrence of a diabetes mellitus-like disease in mice infected with the encephalomyocarditis virus. Journal of Experimental Medicine 139:414–426
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Craighead J. E., McLane M. F. 1968; Diabetes mellitus: induction in mice by encephalomyocarditis virus. Science 162:913–914
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Craighead J. E., Steinke J. 1971; Diabetes mellitus-like syndrome in mice infected with encephalomyocarditis virus. American Journal of Pathology 63:119–134
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Hayashi K., Boucher D. W., Notkins A. L. 1974; Virus-induced diabetes mellitus. II. Relationship between beta cell damage and hyperglycemia in mice infected with encephalomyocarditis virus. American Journal of Pathology 75:91–102
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Jansen F. K., Müntefering H., Schmidt W. A. K. 1977; Virus induced diabetes and the immune system. I. Suggestion that appearance of diabetes depends on immune reactions. Diabetologia 13:545–549
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Kruppenbacher J. P., Mertens Th., Müntefering H., Wggers H. J. 1982; Attempts to select and isolate a strain of EMC virus capable of inducing B cell dependent diabetes in mice. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, I Abteilung, Originate A 251:430
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Mertens Th., Gruneklee D., Eggers H. J. 1983; Neutralizing antibodies against coxsackie B viruses in patients with recent onset of type 1 diabetes. European Journal of Pediatrics 140:293–294
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Morrow P. L., Freedman A., Craighead J. E. 1980; Testosterone effect on experimental diabetes mellitus in encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus infected mice. Diabetologia 18:247–249
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Müntefering H. 1972; Zur Pathologie des Diabetes mellitus der weissen Maus bei der EMC-Virusinfektion. Virchows Archie, Abteilung A, Pathologische Anatomic 356:207–234
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Müntefering H., Schmidt W. A. K., Korber W. 1971; Zur Virusgenese des Diabetes mellitus bei der weissen Maus. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 96:693–697
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Müntefering H., Schmitz W., Jansen F. K., Petersen K. G. 1979; The role of transitory insulitis in the pathogenesis of experimental virus diabetes. In Proceedings of the 10th Congress of the International Diabetes Federation pp 395–401 Edited by Waldhausl W. K. Amsterdam, Oxford & Princeton: Elsevier/North-Holland;
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Murnane T. G., Craighead J. E., Mondragon H., Shelokov A. 1960; Fatal disease of swine due to encephalomyocarditis virus. Science 131:498–499
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Ray U. S., Aulakh G. S., Schubert M., McClintock P. R., Yoon J. W., Notkins A. L. 1983; Virus-induced diabetes mellitus. XXV. Difference in the RNA fingerprints of diabetogenic and non-diabetogenic variants of encephalomyocarditis virus. Journal of General Virology 64:947–950
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Ross M. E., Onodera T., Brown K. S., Notkins A. L. 1976; Virus-induced diabetes mellitus. IV. Genetic and environmental factors influencing the development of diabetes after infection with the M variant of encephalomyocarditis virus. Diabetes 25:190–197
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Schürmann W., Eggers H. J. 1983; Antiviral activity of an alcoholic hand disinfectant. Comparison of the in vitro suspension test with in vivo experiments on hands, and on individual fingertips. Antiviral Research 3:25–41
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Warren J. 1965; Encephalomyocarditis viruses. In Viral and Rickettsial Infections of Man pp 562–568 Edited by Horsfall F. L., Tamm I. Philadelphia: Lippincott;
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Yoon J. W., Onodera T., Notkins A. L. 1977; Virus-induced diabetes mellitus. VIII. Passage of encephalomyocarditis virus and severity of diabetes in susceptible and resistant strains of mice. Journal of General Virology 37:225–232
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Yoon J. W., McClintock P. R., Onodera T., Notkins A. L. 1980; Virus-induced diabetes mellitus. XVIII. Inhibition by a nondiabetogenic variant of encephalomyocarditis virus. Journal of Experimental Medicine 152:878–892
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Yoon J. W., Morishima T., McClintock P. R., Austin M., Notkins A. L. 1984; Virus-induced diabetes mellitus: Mengovirus infects pancreatic beta cells in strains of mice resistant to the diabetogenic effect of encephalomyocarditis virus. Journal of Virology 50:684–690
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-66-4-727
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-66-4-727
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error