Different Forms of the Bovine PrP Gene have Five or Six Copies of a Short, G-C-rich Element within the Protein-coding Exon

References

1. Barlow R. M., Middleton D. J. 1990; Dietary transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to mice. Veterinary Record 126:111–112
   [Google Scholar]
2. Beck E., Daniel P. M. 1987; Neuropathology of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. In Prion pp. 331–385 Edited by Prusiner S. B., McKinley M. London: Academic Press;
   [Google Scholar]
3. Bolton D. C., McKinley M. P., Prusiner S. B. 1982; Identification of a protein that purifies with the scrapie prion. Science 218:1309–1311
   [Google Scholar]
4. Carp R. I., Moretz R. C., Natelli M., Dickinson A. G. 1987; Genetic control of scrapie: incubation period and plaque formation in I mice. Journal of General Virology 68:401–407
   [Google Scholar]
5. Collinge J., Owen F., Lofthouse R., Shah T., Harding A. E., Poulter M., Boughey A. M., Crow T. J. 1989; Diagnosis of Gerstmann-Straussler syndrome in familial dementia with prion protein gene analysis. Lancet ii:15–17
   [Google Scholar]
6. Dawson M., Wells G. A. H., Parker B. N. J. 1990; Preliminary evidence of the experimental transmissibility of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to cattle. Veterinary Record 126:112–113
   [Google Scholar]
7. Dickinson A. G., Outram G. W., Taylor D. M., Foster J. D. 1990; Further evidence that scrapie agent has an independent genome. In Unconventional Virus Diseases of the Central Nervous System pp. 446–460 Edited by Court L., Dormont D., Brown P., Kingsbury D. Paris: Commissariat a 1′Energie Atomique, Service de Documentation;
   [Google Scholar]
8. Diringer H., Gelderblom H., Hilmert H., Ozel M., Edelbluth C., Kimberlin R. H. 1983; Scrapie infectivity, fibrils and low molecular weight protein. Nature, London 306:376–378
   [Google Scholar]
9. Doh-ura K., Tateishi J., Sasaki H., Kitamoto T., Sakaki Y. 1989; Pro-Leu change at position 102 of prion protein is the most common but not the sole mutation related to Gerstmann-Straussler syndrome. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 163:974–979
   [Google Scholar]
10. Engelke D. R., Hoener P. A., Collins F. S. 1988; Direct sequencing of enzymatically amplified human genomic DNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 85:544–548
    [Google Scholar]
11. Fraser H., McConnell I., Wells G. A. H., Dawson M. 1988; Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to mice. Veterinary Record 123:472
    [Google Scholar]
12. Goldfarb L. G., Brown P., Goldgaber D., Garruto R. M., Yanagihara R., Asher D. M., Gajdusek D. C. 1990; Identical mutation in unrelated patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Lancet i:174–175
    [Google Scholar]
13. Goldgaber D., Goldfarb L. G., Brown P., Asher D. M., Brown T., Scott L., Teener J. W., Feinstone S. M., Rubenstein R., Kascsak R., Boellaard J. W., Gajdusek D. C. 1989; Mutations in familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker′s syndrome. Experimental Neurology 106:204–206
    [Google Scholar]
14. Goldmann W., Hunter N., Foster J. D., Salbaum J. M., Beyreuther K., Hope J. 1990; Two alleles of a neural protein gene linked to scrapie in sheep. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 87:2476–2480
    [Google Scholar]
15. Hope J., Reekie L. J. D., Hunter N., Multhaup G., Beyreuther K., White H., Scott A. C., Stack M. J., Dawson M., Wells G. A. H. 1988; Fibrils from brains of cows with new cattle disease contain scrapie-associated protein. Nature, London 336:390–392
    [Google Scholar]
16. Hsiao K., Baker H. F., Crow T. J., Poulter M., Owen F., Terwilliger J. D., Westaway D., Ott J., Prusiner S. B. 1989; Linkage of a prion protein missense variant to Gerstmann-Sträussler syndrome. Nature, London 338:342–345
    [Google Scholar]
17. Hunter N., Foster J. D., Dickinson A. G., Hope J. 1989; Linkage of the gene for the scrapie-associated fibril protein (PrP) to the sip gene in Cheviot sheep. Veterinary Record 124:364–366
    [Google Scholar]
18. Kimberlin R. H. 1979; Aetiology and genetic control of natural scrapie. Nature, London 278:303–304
    [Google Scholar]
19. Kingsbury D. T., Kasper K. C., Stites D. P., Watson J. D., Hogan R. N., Prusiner S. B. 1983; Genetic control of scrapie and Creutzfeld-Jakob disease in mice. Journal of Immunology 131:491–496
    [Google Scholar]
20. Kretzschmar H. A., Stowring L. E., Westaway D., Stubblebine W. H., Prusiner S. B., DeArmond S. J. 1986; Molecular cloning of a human prion protein cDNA. DNA 5:315–324
    [Google Scholar]
21. Liao Y.-C., Tokes Z., Lim E., Lackey A., Woo C. H., Button J. D., Clawson G. A. 1987; Cloning of rat “prion-related protein” cDNA. Laboratory Investigations 57:370–374
    [Google Scholar]
22. Locht C., Chesebro B., Race R., Keith J. M. 1986; Molecular cloning and complete sequence of prion protein cDNA from mouse brain infected with the scrapie agent. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 83:6372–6376
    [Google Scholar]
23. Lowenstein D. H., Butler D. A., Westaway D., McKinley M. P., DeArmond S. J., Prusiner S. B. 1990; Three hamster species with different scrapie incubation times and neuropathological features encode distinct prion proteins. Molecular and Cellular Biology 10:1153–1163
    [Google Scholar]
24. McKinley M. P., Bolton D. C., Prusiner S. B. 1983; A protease-resistant protein is a structural component of the scrapie prion. Cell 35:57–62
    [Google Scholar]
25. Merz P. A., Somerville R. A., Wisniewski H. M., Iqbal K. 1981; Abnormal fibrils from scrapie-infected brain. Acta Neuropathologica 65:63–74
    [Google Scholar]
26. Merz P. A., Somerville R. A., Wisniewski H. M., Manuelidis L., Manuelidis E. 1983; Scrapie-associated fibrils in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Nature, London 306:474–476
    [Google Scholar]
27. Mohri S., Tateishi J. 1989; Host genetic control of incubation periods of Creutzfeld-Jakob disease in mice. Journal of General Virology 70:1391–1400
    [Google Scholar]
28. Oesch B., Westaway D., Wälchli M., McKinley M. P., Kent S. B. H., Aebersold R., Barry R. A., Tempst P., Teplow D. B., Hood L. E., Prusiner S. B., Weissmann C. 1985; A cellular gene encodes scrapie PrP 27–30 protein. Cell 40:735–746
    [Google Scholar]
29. Owen F., Poulter M., Shah T., Collinge J., Lofthouse R., Baker H., Ridley R., McVey J., Crow T. J. 1990; An inframe insertion in the prion protein gene in familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Molecular Brain Research 7:273–276
    [Google Scholar]
30. Parry H. B. 1979; Elimination of natural scrapie in sheep by sire genotype selection. Nature, London 277:127–129
    [Google Scholar]
31. Prusiner S. B., Groth D. F., Bolton D. C., Kent S. B., Hood L. E. 1984; Purification and structural studies of a major scrapie prion protein. Cell 38:127–134
    [Google Scholar]
32. Saiki R. K., Scharf S. J., Faloona F., Mullis K. B., Horn G. T., Erlich H. A., Arnheim N. 1985; Enzymatic amplification of β-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Science 230:1350–1354
    [Google Scholar]
33. Sambrook J., Fritsch E. F., Maniatis T. 1989 Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory;
    [Google Scholar]
34. Scott M., Foster D., Mirenda C., Serban D., Coufal F., Walchli M., Torchia M., Groth D., Carlson G., DeArmond S. J., Westaway D., Prusiner S. B. 1989; Transgenic mice expressing hamster prion protein produce species-specific scrapie infectivity and amyloid plaques. Cell 59:847–857
    [Google Scholar]
35. Stacey A., Bateman J., Choi T., Mascara T., Cole W., Jaenisch R. 1988; Perinatal lethal osteogenesis imperfecta in transgenic mice bearing an engineered mutant pro-αl(I) collagen gene. Nature, London 332:131–136
    [Google Scholar]
36. Wells G. A. H., Scott A. C., Johnson C. T., Gunning F. R., Hancock R. D., Jeffrey M., Dawson M., Bradley R. 1987; A novel progressive spongiform encephalopathy in cattle. Veterinary Record 121:419–120
    [Google Scholar]
37. Westaway D., Prusiner S.B. 1990; Link between scrapie and BSE. Nature, London 346:113
    [Google Scholar]
38. Westaway D., Goodman P. A., Mirenda C. A., McKinley M. P., Carlson G. A., Prusiner S. B. 1987; Distinct prion proteins in short and long scrapie incubation period mice. Cell 51:651–662
    [Google Scholar]
39. Wilesmith J., Wells G. A. H., Cranwell M. P., Ryan J. B. M. 1988; Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: epidemiological studies. Veterinary Record 123:638–644
    [Google Scholar]