1887

Abstract

Transmission of non-persistent plant viruses is related to aphid behaviour during superficial brief probes. A widely accepted hypothesis postulates that virus acquisition occurs during ingestion of plant cell contents, and inoculation during egestion or regurgitation of previously ingested sap. Although conceptually attractive, this ingestion- egestion hypothesis has not been clearly demonstrated. Furthermore, it overlooks the anatomy of the tips of the stylets (mouthparts) and, consequently, the potential role of salivation in the inoculation process. Here, we used the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique to investigate aphid-stylet activities associated with uptake (acquisition) and release (inoculation) of two nonpersistently transmitted viruses. Our results show that acquisition occurs primarily during the last sub-phase (II-3) of intracellular stylet punctures, whereas inoculation is achieved during the first sub-phase (II-1). An alternative mechanism to the ingestion-egestion hypothesis is proposed on the basis of our findings.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-10-2701
1997-10-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/78/10/9349493.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-10-2701&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Berger P. H., Pirone T. P. 1986; The effect of helper component on the uptake and localization of potyviruses in Myzus persicae . Virology 153:256–261
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Chen J. Q., Martin B., Rahbé Y., Fereres A. 1997; Early intracellular punctures of two aphids on near-isogenic melon lines with and without the virus aphid transmission (Vat ) resistance gene. European Journal of Plant Pathology in press
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Fereres A., Perez P., Gemeno C., Ponz F. 1993; Transmission of Spanish pepper-PVY isolates by aphid vectors: epidemiological implications. Environmental Entomology 22:1260–1265
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Forbes A. R. 1969; The stylets of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae). Canadian Entomologist 101:31–41
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Gamez R., Watson M. A. 1964; Failure of anesthetized aphids to acquire or transmit henbane mosaic virus when their stylets were artificially inserted into leaves of infected or healthy tobacco plants. Virology 22:292–295
    [Google Scholar]
  6. García-Luque I., Kaper J. M., Díaz-Ruiz J. R., Rubio-Huertos M. 1984; Emergence and characterization of satellite RNAs associated with Spanish cucumber mosaic virus isolates. Journal of General Virology 65: 539–547
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Garrett R. G. 1973; Non-persistent aphid-borne viruses. In Viruses and Invertebrates pp 476–492 Gibbs A. J. Edited by Amsterdam & London: North-Holland Publishing Company;
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Harris K. F. 1977; An ingestion-egestion hypothesis of noncirculative virus transmission. In Aphidsas Virus Vectors, 1st edn. pp 165–220 Maramorosch K. Edited by New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Harris K. F., Bath J. E. 1973; Regurgitation by Myzus persicae during membrane feeding: its likely function in transmission of nonpersistent plant viruses. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 66: 793–796
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Hashiba T., Misawa T. 1969; Studies on the mechanism of aphid transmission of stylet-borne virus. III. On the adherence of the virus to the stylet. Tohoku Journal of Agricultural Research 20:159–171
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Kennedy J. S., Day M. F., Eastop V. F. 1962 A Conspectus of Aphids as Vectors of Plant Viruses London: Commonwealth Institute of Entomology;
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Lecoq H., Cohen S., Pitrat M., Labonne G. 1979; Resistance to CMV transmission by aphids in Cucumis melo . Phytopathology 69:1223–1225
    [Google Scholar]
  13. López Abella D., Bradley R. H. E. 1969; Aphids may not acquire and transmit stylet-borne viruses while probing intercellularly. Virology 39:338–342
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Miles P. W. 1965; Studies on the salivary physiology of plant bugs: the salivary secretion ofaphids. Journal of Insect Physiology 11:1261–1268
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Pirone T. P., Thornbury D. W. 1988; Quantity ofvirus required for aphid transmission of a potyvirus. Phytopathology 78:104–107
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Pollard D. G. 1973; Plant penetration by feeding aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea): a review. Bulletin of Entomological Research 62:631–714
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Powell G. 1991; Cell membrane punctures during epidermal penetrations by aphids : consequences for the transmission of two potyviruses. Annals of Applied Biology 119:313–321
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Powell G., Pirone T., Hardie J. 1995; Aphid stylet activities during potyvirus acquisition from plants and an in vitro system that correlate with subsequent transmission. European Journal of Plant Pathology 101:313–321
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Prado E., Tjallingii W. F. 1994; Aphid activities during sieve element punctures. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 72:157–166
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Taylor C. E., Robertson C. E. 1974; Electron microscopy evidence for the association of tobacco severe etch virus with the maxillae in Myzus persicae (Sulz.). Phytopathology 80:257–266
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Tjallingii W. F. 1978; Electronic recording of penetration behaviour by aphids. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 24:521–530
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Tjallingii W. F. 1985; Membrane potential as an indication for plant cell penetration by aphid stylets. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 38:187–193
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Tjallingii W. F. 1988; Electrical recording of stylet penetration activities. In Aphids : Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control 2A pp 95–108 Minks A. K., Harrewijn P. Edited by Amsterdam: Elsevier;
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Tjallingii W. F., Hogen Esch T. H. 1993; Fine structure of aphid stylet routes in plant tissues in correlation with EPG signals. Physiological Entomology 18:317–328
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Wang R. Y., Ammar E. D., Thornbury D. W., Lopez-Moya J. J., Pirone T. P. 1996; Loss of potyvirus transmissibility and helper- component activity correlate with non-retention of virions in aphid stylets. Journal of General Virology 77:861–867
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-10-2701
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-10-2701
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error