1887

Abstract

Acute measles is associated with pronounced immunosuppression characterized both by leukopenia and impaired lymphocyte functions. In an earlier study, we found that mitogen-dependent proliferation of uninfected human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and spontaneous proliferation of human cell lines of lymphocytic or monocytic origin was impaired after contact with UV- inactivated, measles virus (MV)-infected cells, UV- inactivated MV or with cells transfected with MV glycoproteins (gp) F and H. We now show that mitogen-stimulated PBLs and Jurkat cell clones either highly sensitive or resistant to CD95-induced apoptosis have a similar sensitivity to MV-induced inhibition and do not undergo apoptosis. Moreover, unimpaired mitogen-dependent upregulation of important activation markers, including IL-2R, was observed in PBL cultures after contact with MV- infected, UV-irradiated presenter cells. This indicates that the cells were indeed viable and acquire a state of activation. Less IL-2 was released from PBLs after contact with MV-infected presenter cells when compared with that released after contact with uninfected cells. However, mitogen-induced proliferation of PBLs was not restored by addition of IL- 2 under these conditions. It appeared that a higher fraction of mitogen-stimulated PBLs accumulated in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle after contact with MV-infected cells. Thus, the mitogen- unresponsiveness of PBLs seen after contact with MV-infected cells is due to cell cycle arrest rather than apoptosis.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-12-3217
1997-12-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/78/12/9400972.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-12-3217&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Addae M. M., Komada Y., Zhang X. L., Sakurai M. 1995; Immunological unresponsiveness and apoptotic cell death of T cells in measles virus infection. Acta Paediatrica Japonica 37:308–314
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Auwaerter P., Kaneshima H., McCune J. M., Wiegand G., Griffin D. E. 1996; Measles virus infection of thymic epithelium in the SCID- hu mouse leads to thymocyte apoptosis. Journal of Virology 70:3734–3740
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Borrow P., Oldstone M. B. A. 1995; Measles virus-mononuclear cell interactions. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 191:85–100
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Borysiewicz L. K., Casali P., Rogers B., Morris S., Sissons J. G. 1985; The immunosuppressive effects of measles virus on T cell function-failure to affect IL-2 release or cytotoxic T cell activity in vitro. Clinical Experimental Immunology 59:29–36
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Clements C. J., Cutts F. T. 1995; The epidemiology of measles: thirty years of vaccination. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 191:13–34
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Dorig R. E., Marcil A., Chopra A., Richardson C. 1993; The human CD46 molecule is a receptor for measles virus (Edmonston strain). Cell 75:295–305
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Esolen L. E., Park S. W., Hardwick J. M., Griffin D. E. 1995; Apoptosis as a cause of death in measles virus infected cells. Journal of Virology 69:3955–3958
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Griffin D. E. 1995; Immune responses during measles virus infections. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 191:117–134
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Griffin D. E., Ward B. J. 1993; Differential CD4 T cell activation in measles. Journal of Infectious Diseases 168:275–213
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Griffin D. E., Moench T. R., Johnson R. T., Lindo de Soriano I., Vaisberg A. 1986; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells during natural measles virus infection: cell surface phenotypes and evidence for activation. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 40:305–312
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Griffin D. E., Johnson R. T., Tamashiro V. G., Moench T. R., Jauregi E., Lindo de Soriano I., Vaisberg A. 1987; In vitro studies of the role of monocytes in the immunosuppression associated with natural measles virus infections. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 45:375–383
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Griffin D. E., Ward B. J., Johnson R. T., Jauregi E., Vaisberg A. 1989; Immune activation during measles. New England Journal of Medicine 320:1667–1672
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Hyypiä T., Korkiamaki P., Vanionpäa R. 1985; Replication of measles virus in human lymphocytes. Journal of Experimental Medicine 161:1261–1272
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Karp C. L., Wysocka M., Wahl L. M., Ahearn J. M., Cuomo P. J., Sherry B., Trinchieri G., Griffin D. E. 1996; Mechanism of suppression of cell-mediated immunity by measles virus. Science 273:228–231
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Katz M. 1995; Clinical spectrum of measles. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 191:1–13
    [Google Scholar]
  16. McChesney M. B., Kehrl J. H., Valsamakis A., Fauci A. S., Oldstone M. B. A. 1987; Measles virus infection of B lymphocytes permits cellular activation but blocks progression through the cell cycle. Journal of Virology 61:3441–3447
    [Google Scholar]
  17. McChesney M. B., Altman A., Oldstone M. B. A. 1988; Suppression of T lymphocyte function by measles virus is due to cell cycle arrest in G1. Journal of Immunology 140:1269–1273
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Nakayama T., Mori T., Yamaguchi S., Sonoda S., Asamura A., Yamashita R., Takeuchi Y., Urano T. 1995; Detection of measles virus genome directly from clinical samples by reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction and genetic variability. Virus Research 35:1–16
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Naniche D., Varior-Krishnan G., Cervoni F., Wild T. F., Rossi B., Rabourdin-Combe C., Gerlier D. 1993; Human membrane cofactor protein (CD46) acts as a cellular receptor for measles virus. Journal of Virology 67:6025–6032
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Sanchez-Lanier M., Guerin P., McLaren L. C., Bankhurst A. D. 1988; Measles virus-induced suppression of lymphocyte proliferation. Cellular Immunology 116:367–381
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Schlender J., Schnorr J. J., Spielhofer P., Cathomen T., Cattaneo R., Billeter M. A., ter Meulen V., Schneider-Schaulies S. 1996; Interaction of measles virus glycoproteins with the surface of uninfected peripheral blood lymphocytes induces immunosuppression in vitro. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 93:13194–13199
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Schneider-Schaulies S., Kreth H. W., Hofmann G., Billeter M. A., ter Meulen V. 1991; Expression of measles virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with measles, SSPE, and autoimmune diseases. Virology 182:703–711
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Tamashiro V. G., Perez H. H., Griffin D. E. 1987; Prospective study of the magnitude and duration of changes in tuberculin reactivity during complicated and uncomplicated measles. Paediatric Infectious Diseases 6:451–454
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Taylor I. W., Milthorpe B. K. 1980; An evaluation of DNA fluorochromes, staining techniques, and analysis for flow cytometry. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 28:1224–1232
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Tishon A., Manchester M., Scheiflinger F., Oldstone M. B. A. 1996; A model of virus-induced immunosuppression: enhanced susceptibility of neonatal human PBLs. Nature Medicine 2:1250–1254
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Ward B. J., Griffin D. E. 1993; Changes in cytokine production after measles virus vaccination: predominant production of IL-4 suggests induction of a Th2 response. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 67:171–177
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Ward B. J., Johnston R. T., Vaisberg A., Jauregi E., Griffin D. E. 1995; Cytokine production in vitro and the lymphoproliferative defect of natural measles virus infection. Clinical Immunology and Immuno-pathology 61:236–248
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Yanagi Y., Cubitt B. A., Oldstone M. B. A. 1992; Measles virus inhibits mitogen-induced T cell proliferation but does not directly perturb the T cell activation process inside the cell. Virology 187:280–289
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-12-3217
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-12-3217
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error