1887

Abstract

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children and vulnerable adults, but little is known regarding RSV infection in Africa. In this report, a recent RSV outbreak in Mozambique was studied and results showed that 275 of 3192 (8·6%) nasopharyngeal aspirates tested were RSV-positive by ELISA. RSV presents two antigenic groups (A and B) with a high genetic and antigenic variability between and within them. Analysis by a new RFLP assay of RT–PCR amplified N protein gene products showed a higher prevalence of group B RSV than that of group A (85% versus 15%). However, genetic variability of the G protein gene was higher among group A RSV strains. The frequency and pattern of glycosylation sites were also quite different between both groups. In addition, two different phylogenetic clusters of Mozambican viruses were found within each group, but only sequences from cluster B-I were relatively distinct from previously described isolates. The implications of such differences in the antigenic and immunogenic characteristics of each group are discussed.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-82-1-103
2001-01-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/82/1/0820103a.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-82-1-103&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Anderson L. J., Hierholzer J. C., Tsou C., Hendry R. M., Fernic B. F., Stone Y., McIntosh K. 1985; Antigenic characterisation of respiratory syncytial virus strains with monoclonal antibodies. Journal of Infectious Diseases 151:626–633
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Cane P. A., Pringle C. R. 1991; Respiratory syncytial virus heterogeneity during an epidemic: analysis by limited nucleotide sequencing (SH gene) and restriction mapping (N gene). Journal of General Virology 72:349–357
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Cane P. A., Pringle C. R. 1995; Evolution of subgroup A respiratory syncytial virus: evidence for progressive accumulation of amino acid changes in the attachment protein. Journal of Virology 69:2918–2925
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Cane P. A., Matthews D. A., Pringle C. R. 1991; Identification of variable domains of the attachment (G) protein of subgroup A respiratory syncytial viruses. Journal of General Virology 72:2091–2096
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Cane P. A., Matthews D. A., Pringle C. R. 1994; Analysis of respiratory syncytial virus strain variation in successive epidemics in one city. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 32:1–4
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Cane P. A., Thomas H. M., Simpson A. F., Evans J. E., Hart C. A., Pringle C. R. 1996; Analysis of the human serological immune response to a variable region of the attachment (G) protein of respiratory syncytial virus during primary infection. Journal of Medical Virology 48:253–261
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Cane P. A., Weber M., Sanneh M., Dackour R., Pringle C. R., Whittle H. 1999; Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in The Gambia. Epidemiology and Infection 122:155–160
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Coggins W. B., Lefkowitz E. J., Sullender W. M. 1998; Genetic variability among group A and group B respiratory syncytial viruses in a children’s hospital. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36:3552–3557
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Collins P. L., Anderson K., Langer S. J., Wertz G. W. 1985; Correct sequence for the major nucleocapsid protein mRNA of respiratory syncytial virus. Virology 146:69–77
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Collins P. L., McIntosh K., Chanock M. 1996; Respiratory syncytial virus. In Fields Virology, 3rd edn. pp 1313–1351 Edited by Fields B. N., Knipe D. M., Howley P. M. Philadelphia: Lippincott–Raven;
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Cristina J., Lopez J. A., Albo C., García-Barreno B., García J., Melero J. A., Portela A. 1990; Analysis of genetic variability in human respiratory syncytial virus by the RNase A mismatch cleavage method: subtype divergence and heterogeneity. Virology 174:126–134
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Felsenstein J. 1990 PHYLIP: Phylogeny interference package, version 3.5c University of Washington; Seattle, WA, USA:
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Forgie I. M., Campbell H., Lloyd-Evans N., Leinonen M., O’Neill K. P., Saikku P., Whittle H. G., Greenwood B. M. 1992; Etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children in a rural community in The Gambia. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 11:466–473
    [Google Scholar]
  14. García O., Martín M., Dopazo J., Arbiza J., Frabasile S., Russi J., Hortal M., Pérez-Breña P., Matínez I., García-Barreno B., Melero J. A. 1994; Evolutionary pattern of human respiratory syncytial virus (subgroup A): cocirculating lineages and correlation of genetic and antigenic changes in the G glycoprotein. Journal of Virology 68:5448–5459
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Hall C. B., Walsh E. E., Schnabel K. C., Long C. E., McConnochie K. M., Hildreth S. W., Anderson L. J. 1990; Occurrence of groups A and B of respiratory syncytial virus over 15 years: associated epidemiologic and clinical characteristics in hospitalized and ambulatory children. Journal of Infectious Diseases 162:1283–1290
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Hazlett D. T., Bell T. M., Tukei P. M., Ademba G. R., Ochieng W. O., Magana J. M., Gathara G. W., Wafula E. M., Pamba A., Ndinya-Aihola J. O. 1988; Viral etiology and epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in Nairobi, Kenya. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 39:632–640
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Heirholzer J. C., Tannock G. A., Heirholzer C. M., Coombs R. A., Kennett M. L., Phillips P. A. 1994; Subgrouping of respiratory syncytial virus strains from Australia and Papua New Guinea by biological and antigenic characteristics. Archives of Virology 136:133–147
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Hendry R. M., Burns J. C., Walsh E. E., Graham B. S., Wright F. F., Hemming V. G., Rodriguez W. J., Kim H. W., Prince C. A., McIntosh K., Chanock R. M., Murphy B. R. 1988; Strain-specific serum antibody responses in infants undergoing primary infection with respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of Infectious Diseases 157:640–647
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Higgins D. G., Sharp P. M. 1988; CLUSTAL: a package for performing multiple sequence alignment on a microcomputer. Gene 73:237–244
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Kumar S., Tamura K., Nei M. 1993 MEGA: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis, version 1.01 Pennsylvania State University; PA, USA:
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Kwok S., Higuchi R. 1989; Avoiding false positives with PCR. Nature 339:237–238
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Martínez I., Dopazo J., Melero J. A. 1997; Antigenic structure of the human respiratory syncytial virus G glycoprotein and relevance of hypermutation events for the generation of antigenic variants. Journal of General Virology 78:2419–2429
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Martínez I., Valdés O., Delfraro A., Arbiza J., Russi J., Melero J. A. 1999; Evolutionary pattern of the G glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial viruses from antigenic group B: the use of alternative termination codons and lineage diversification. Journal of General Virology 80:125–130
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Melero J. A., Rueda P., García-Barreno B. 1993; Antigenic variation of human respiratory syncytial virus G glycoprotein: genetic mechanisms and evolutionary significance. In Regulation of Gene Expression in Animal Viruses Edited by Carrasco L., Sonenberg N., Wimmer E. New York: Plenum Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Melero J. A., García-Barreno B., Martínez I., Pringle C. R., Cane P. A. 1997; Antigenic structure, evolution and immunobiology of human respiratory syncytial virus attachment (G) protein. Journal of General Virology 78:2411–2418
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Muelenaer P. M., Henderson F. W., Hemming V. G., Walsh E. E., Anderson L. J., Prince G. A., Murphy B. R. 1991; Group-specific serum antibody responses in children with primary and recurrent respiratory syncytial virus infections. Journal of Infectious Diseases 164:15–21
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Mufson M. A., Örvell C., Rafnar B., Norrby E. 1985; Two distinct subtypes of human respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of General Virology 66:2111–2124
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Sullender W. M., Anderson K., Wertz G. W. 1990; The respiratory syncytial virus subgroup B attachment glycoprotein: analysis of sequence, expression from a recombinant vector, and evaluation as an immunogen against homologous and heterologous subgroup virus challenge. Virology 178:195–203
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Sullender W. M., Mufson M. A., Anderson L. J., Wertz G. W. 1991; Genetic diversity of the attachment protein of subgroup B respiratory syncytial viruses. Journal of Virology 65:5425–5434
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Weber M. W., Mulhoand E. K., Greenwood B. M. 1998; Respiratory syncytial virus in tropical and developing countries. Tropical Medicine & International Health 3:466–473
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Wertz G. W., Collins P. L., Huang Y., Gruber C., Levine S., Ball L. A. 1985; Nucleotide sequence of the G protein gene of human respiratory syncytial virus reveals an unusual type of viral membrane protein. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 82:4075–4079
    [Google Scholar]
  32. WHO 1984; Technical advisory group on ARI. A program for controlling ARI in children: memorandum from a WHO meeting. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 64:47–58
    [Google Scholar]
  33. WHO 1996; Diagnosis of an acute lower respiratory tract infection. Vaccine and Research Development general document 01
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-82-1-103
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-82-1-103
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error