1887

Journal of General Virology header logo

Volume 85, Issue 8

Characterization of pathogenic and non-pathogenic African swine fever virus isolates from inhabiting pig premises in Portugal Free

Abstract

Ten African swine fever virus isolates from the soft tick collected on three farms in the province of Alentejo in Portugal were characterized by their ability to cause haemadsorption (HAD) of red blood cells to infected pig macrophages, using restriction enzyme site mapping of the virus genomes and by experimental infection of pigs. Six virus isolates induced haemadsorption and four were non-haemadsorbing (non-HAD) in pig macrophage cell cultures. The restriction enzyme site maps of two non-HAD viruses, when compared with a virulent HAD isolate, showed a deletion of 9·6 kbp in the fragment adjacent to the left terminal fragment and of 1·6 kbp in the right terminal fragment and an insertion of 0·2 kbp in the central region. The six HAD viruses isolated were pathogenic and produced typical acute African swine fever in pigs and the four non-HAD isolates were non-pathogenic. Pigs that were infected with non-HAD viruses were fully resistant or had a delay of up to 14 days in the onset of disease, after challenge with pathogenic Portuguese viruses. Non-HAD viruses could be transmitted by contact but with a lower efficiency (42–50 %) compared with HAD viruses (100 %). The clinical differences found between the virus isolates from the ticks could have implications for the long-term persistence of virus in the field because of the cross-protection produced by the non-pathogenic isolates. This may also explain the presence of seropositive pigs in herds in Alentejo where no clinical disease had been reported.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
SGM
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80058-0
2004-08-01
2024-04-18
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/85/8/vir852177.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80058-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Almendral J. M., Almazan F., Blasco R., Vinuela E. 1990; Multigene families in African swine fever virus: family 110. J Virol 64:2064–2072
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Bastos A. D., Penrith M. L., Cruciere C., Edrich J. L., Hutchings G., Roger F., Couacy-Hymann E., Thomson G. R. 2003; Genotyping field strains of African swine fever virus by partial p72 gene characterisation. Arch Virol 148:693–706 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Blasco R., Aguero M., Almendral J. M., Vinuela E. 1989a; Variable and constant regions in african swine fever virus DNA. Virology 168:330–338 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Blasco R., de la Vega I., Almazan F., Aguero M., Vinuela E. 1989b; Genetic variation of african swine fever virus: variable regions near the ends of the viral DNA. Virology 173:251–257 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Boinas F. 1995; The role of Ornithodoros erraticus in the epidemiology of African swine fever in Portugal. In Department of Agriculture p p– 240 Reading: University of Reading;
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Boinas F., Cruz B., Portugal F. C., Portugal R., Mendes S., Leitão A., Martins C., Rosinha A. 2001a; Evaluation of the role of Ornithodoros erraticus as a reservoir of African swine fever in Alentejo - Portugal. In Report on the Annual Meeting of the National Swine Fever Laboratories pp  97–98 Lindholm, Denmark: European Commission;
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Boinas F., Pinheiro C., Sobral L., Rosinha A. 2001b; Erradicação de um surto esporádico de peste suína Africana em Portugal. In IX Congresso Internacional de Medicina Veterinária em Língua Portuguesa pp  267–268 Edited by Dubois R. Salvador da Baia, Brazil: Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária e Sociedade de Medicina Veterinária da Baia;
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Borca M. V., Kutish G. F., Afonso C. L., Irusta P., Carrillo C., Brun A., Sussman M., Rock D. L. 1994; An African swine fever virus gene with similarity to the T-lymphocyte surface antigen CD2 mediates hemadsorption. Virology 199:463–468 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Borca M. V., Carrillo C., Zsak L., Laegreid W. W., Kutish G. F., Neilan J. G., Burrage T. G., Rock D. L. 1998; Deletion of a CD2-like gene, 8-DR, from African swine fever virus affects viral infection in domestic swine. J Virol 72:2881–2889
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Comissão das Comunidades Europeias 1999; Decisão da Comissão de 3 de Dezembro de 1999 que diz respeito a certas medidas de protecção relativas à peste suína Africana em Portugal. Jornal Oficial das Comunidades Europeias L310:71–73
     [Google Scholar]
  11. de la Vega I., Vinuela E., Blasco R. 1990; Genetic variation and multigene families in African swine fever virus. Virology 179:234–246 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  12. de la Vega I., Gonzalez A., Blasco R., Calvo V., Vinuela E. 1994; Nucleotide sequence and variability of the inverted terminal repetitions of African swine fever virus DNA. Virology 201:152–156 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Dixon L. K., Twigg S. R., Baylis S. A., Vydelingum S., Bristow C., Hammond J. M., Smith G. L. 1994; Nucleotide sequence of a 55 kbp region from the right end of the genome of a pathogenic African swine fever virus isolate (Malawi LIL20/1. J Gen Virol 75:1655–1684 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Dixon L. K., Costa J. V., Escribano J. M., Rock D. L., Vinuela E., Wilkinson P. J. 2000; Asfarviridae . In Virus Taxonomy. Seventh Report of the Internaitonal Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses pp  159–165 Edited by van Regenmortel M. H. V., Fauquet C. M., Bishop D. H. L., Carstens E. B., Estes M. K., Lemon S. M., Maniloff J., Mayo M. A., McGeoch D. J., Pringle C. R., Wickner R. B. London: Academic Press;
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Ekue N. F. 1989; Epidemiology of African swine fever in Cameroon. In Department of Microbiology p p– 231 Guildford: University of Surrey;
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Ekue N. F., Wilkinson P. J. 2000; Comparison of genomes of African swine fever virus isolates from Cameroon, other African countries and Europe. Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop 53:229–236
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Ekue N. F., Wilkinson P. J., Wardley R. C. 1989; Infection of pigs with the Cameroon isolate (Cam/82) of African swine fever virus. J Comp Pathol 100:145–154 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Gonzague M., Roger F., Bastos A., Burger C., Randriamparany T., Smondack S., Cruciere C. 2001; Isolation of a non-haemadsorbing, non-cytopathic strain of African swine fever virus in Madagascar. Epidemiol Infect 126:453–459
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Gonzalez A., Calvo V., Almazan F., Almendral J. M., Ramirez J. C., de la Vega I., Blasco R., Vinuela E. 1990; Multigene families in African swine fever virus: family 360. J Virol 64:2073–2081
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Haresnape J. M., Wilkinson P. J., Mellor P. S. 1988; Isolation of African swine fever virus from ticks of the Ornithodoros moubata complex ( Ixodoidea: Argasidae ) collected within the African swine fever enzootic area of Malawi. Epidemiol Infect 101:173–185 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Kay-Jackson P. C., Goatley L. C., Cox L., Miskin J. E., Parkhouse R. M. E., Wienands J., Dixon L. K. 2004; The CD2v protein of African swine fever virus interacts with the actin-binding adaptor protein SH3P7. J Gen Virol 85:119–130 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Ley V., Almendral J. M., Carbonero P., Beloso A., Vinuela E., Talavera A. 1984; Molecular cloning of African swine fever virus DNA. Virology 133:249–257 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Louza A. C., Boinas F. S., Calado J. M., Vigario J. D., Hess W. R. 1989; Role of invertebrate vectors and animal reservoirs in the maintenance of ASF in Portugal. Epidemiol Sante Anim . 1589–102
  24. Malmquist W. A., Hay D. 1960; Hemadsorption and cytopathic effect produced by ASFV in swine bone marrow and buffy coat cultures. Am J Vet Res 21:104–108
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Manso Ribeiro J., Nunes Petisca J. L., Lopes Frazao F., Sobral M. 1963; Vaccination against ASF. Bull Off Int Epizoot 60:921–937
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Martins C. L., Lawman M. J., Scholl T., Mebus C. A., Lunney J. K. 1993; African swine fever virus specific porcine cytotoxic T cell activity. Arch Virol 129:211–225 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Nunes Petisca J. L. 1965a; Some morphological aspects of vaccination of swine against ASF (virus L) in Portugal. Bull Off Int Epizoot 63:199–237
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Nunes Petisca J. L. 1965b; Studies of anatomical-pathology and histopathology on ASF (virus L) in Portugal. Bull Off Int Epizoot 63:103–142
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Odemuyiwa S. O., Adebayo I. A., Ammerlaan W. 7 other authors 2000; An outbreak of African swine fever in Nigeria: virus isolation and molecular characterization of the VP72 gene of a first isolate from West Africa. Virus Genes 20:139–142 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Office International des Epizooties; 1996; African Swine Fever. In OIE Manual pp  137–14 Edited by OIE Paris: OIE;
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Ordas A., Sanchez-Botija C., Diaz S. 1983; Epidemiological studies on African swine fever in Spain. In Coordination of Agricultural research. African swine fever pp  67–73 Commission of the European Communities edition Edited by Wilkinson P. J. Sardinia: European Commission;
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Perestrelo Vieira R. 1993; Evolution of African swine fever in Portugal. In Coordination of agricultural research . African swine fever pp  43–51 Commission of the European Communities edition Edited by Galo A. Lisbon: European Commission;
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Perez-Sanchez R., Astigarraga A., Oleaga-Perez A., Encinas-Grandes A. 1994; Relationship between the persistence of African swine fever and the distribution of Ornithodoros erraticus in the province of Salamanca, Spain. Vet Rec 135:207–209 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Pini A., Wagenaar G. 1974; Isolation of a non-haemadsorbing strain of African swine fever (ASF) virus from a natural outbreak of the disease. Vet Rec 94:2 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Plowright W., Parker J., Staple R. F. 1968; The growth of a virulent strain of African swine fever virus in domestic pigs. J Hyg (Lond) 66:117–134 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Rodriguez J. M., Yanez R. J., Almazan F., Vinuela E., Rodriguez J. F. 1993; African swine fever virus encodes a CD2 homolog responsible for the adhesion of erythrocytes to infected cells. J Virol 67:5312–5320
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Rodriguez J. M., Yanez R. J., Pan R., Rodriguez J. F., Salas M. L., Vinuela E. 1994; Multigene families in African swine fever virus: family 505. J Virol 68:2746–2751
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Ruiz-Gonzalvo F., Rodriguez F., Escribano J. M. 1996; Functional and immunological properties of the baculovirus-expressed hemagglutinin of African swine fever virus. Virology 218:285–289 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Sanchez Botija C. 1963; Reservorios del virus da la Peste Porcina Africana. Bull Off Int Epizoot 60:895–899 (in Spanish)
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Sanchez Botija C., Ordaz A., Solana A., Gonzalvo F., Olias J., Carnero M. E. 1977; Peste Porcina Africana: observaciones sobre modificacion espontanea del virus de campo. An Inst Invest Vet 24:7–17 (in Spanish)
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Sierra M. A., Gomez-Villamandos J. C., Carrasco L., Fernandez A., Mozos E., Jover A. 1991; In vivo study of hemadsorption in African swine fever virus infected cells. Vet Pathol 28:178–181 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Sumption K. J. 1992; Genotypic comparison of African swine fever virus isolates from Zambia and Malawi. In Department of Agriculture p p– 324 Reading: University of Reading;
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Sumption K. J., Hutchings G. H., Wilkinson P. J., Dixon L. K. 1990; Variable regions on the genome of Malawi isolates of African swine fever virus. J Gen Virol 71:2331–2340 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Thomson G. R., Gainaru M. D., van Dellen A. F. 1979; African swine fever: pathogenicity and immunogenicity of two non-haemadsorbing viruses. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 46:149–154
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Tulman E. R., Rock D. L. 2001; Novel virulence and host range genes of African swine fever virus. Curr Opin Microbiol 4:456–461 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Vigario J. D., Caiado J. 1989; Situazione epidemiologica in Portogallo. In Peste Suina Africana pp  123–132 Edited by S I. Z. p. l Sardegna. Nuoro: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Sardegna;
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Vigario J. D., Terrinha A. M., Moura Nunes J. F. 1974; Antigenic relationships among strains of African swine fever virus. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 45:272–277 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Wesley R. D., Pan I. C. 1982; African swine fever virus DNA: restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns of wild-type, Vero cell-adapted and plaque-purified virus. J Gen Virol 63:383–391 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Wesley R. D., Quintero J. C., Mebus C. A. 1984; Extraction of viral DNA from erythrocytes of swine with acute African swine fever. Am J Vet Res 45:1127–1131
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Wilkinson P., Dixon L., Sumption K., Ekue F. 1989; Molecular epidemiology of African swine fever. In Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers 1989 , abstract B15p– 18 Scarborough: Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers;
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Wilkinson P. J., Dixon L. K., Sumption K., Ekue F., Hutchings G. H., Payne A., Boinas F. 1993; Genetic variation and epidemiology of African swine fever in Europe and Africa. In IXth International Congress of Virology 1993 , abstractp– 223 Glasgow, Scotland: International Congress of Virology;
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Yanez R. J., Rodriguez J. M., Nogal M. L., Yuste L., Enriquez C., Rodriguez J. F., Vinuela E. 1995; Analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of African swine fever virus. Virology 208:249–278 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Yozawa T., Kutish G. F., Afonso C. L., Lu Z., Rock D. L. 1994; Two novel multigene families, 530 and 300, in the terminal variable regions of African-swine-fever virus genome. Virology 202:997–1002 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Zsak L., Lu Z., Kutish G. F., Neilan J. G., Rock D. L. 1996; An African swine fever virus virulence-associated gene NL-S with similarity to the herpes simplex virus ICP34.5 gene. J Virol 70:8865–8871
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Zsak L., Caler E., Lu Z., Kutish G. F., Neiland J. G., Rock D. L. 1998; A nonessential African swine fever virus gene UK is a significant virulence determinant in domestic swine. J Virol 72:1028–1035
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Zsak L., Lu Z., Burrage T. G., Neilan J. G., Kutish G. F., Moore D. M., Rock D. L. 2001; African swine fever virus multigene family 360 and 530 genes are novel macrophage host range determinants. J Virol 75:3066–3076 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80058-0
Loading
Characterization of pathogenic and non-pathogenic African swine fever virus isolates from Ornithodoros erraticus inhabiting pig premises in Portugal
J. Gen. Virol. 85, 2177 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.80058-0
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80058-0
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80058-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error