RT Journal Article SR Electronic(1) A1 Van Dung, Nguyen A1 Anh, Pham Hong A1 Van Cuong, Nguyen A1 Hoa, Ngo Thi A1 Carrique-Mas, Juan A1 Hien, Vo Be A1 Sharp, C. A1 Rabaa, M. A1 Berto, A. A1 Campbell, James A1 Baker, Stephen A1 Farrar, Jeremy A1 Woolhouse, Mark E. A1 Bryant, Juliet E. A1 Simmonds, PeterYR 2016 T1 Large-scale screening and characterization of enteroviruses and kobuviruses infecting pigs in Vietnam JF Journal of General Virology, VO 97 IS 2 SP 378 OP 388 DO https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000366 PB Microbiology Society, SN 1465-2099, AB A recent survey of pigs in Dong Thap province, Vietnam identified a high frequency of enterovirus species G (EV-G) infection (144/198; 72.7 %). Amongst these was a plethora of EV-G types (EV-G1, EV-G6 and four new types EV-G8–EV-G11). To better characterize the genetic diversity of EV-G and investigate the possible existence of further circulating types, we performed a larger-scale study on 484 pig and 45 farm-bred boar faecal samples collected in 2012 and 2014, respectively. All samples from the previous and current studies were also screened for kobuviruses. The overall EV infection frequency remained extremely high (395/484; 81.6 %), but with comparable detection rates and viral loads between healthy and diarrhoeic pigs; this contrasted with less frequent detection of EV-G in boars (4/45; 8.9 %). EV was most frequently detected in pigs ≤ 14 weeks old (∼95 %) and declined in older pigs. Infections with EV-G1 and EV-G6 were most frequent, whilst less commonly detected types included EV-G3, EV-G4 and EV-G8–EV-G11, and five new types (EV-G12–EV-G16). In contrast, kobuvirus infection frequency was significantly higher in diarrhoeic pigs (40.9 versus 27.6 %; P = 0.01). Kobuviruses also showed contrasting epizootiologies and age associations; a higher prevalence was found in boars (42 %) compared with domestic pigs (29 %), with the highest infection frequency amongst pigs >52 weeks old. Although genetically diverse, all kobuviruses identified belonged to the species Aichivirus C. In summary, this study confirms infection with EV-G was endemic in Vietnamese domestic pigs and exhibits high genetic diversity and extensive inter-type recombination., UL https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.000366