@article{mbs:/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.001276, author = "Ikeda, Terumasa and Molan, Amy M. and Jarvis, Matthew C. and Carpenter, Michael A. and Salamango, Daniel J. and Brown, William L. and Harris, Reuben S.", title = "HIV-1 restriction by endogenous APOBEC3G in the myeloid cell line THP-1", journal= "Journal of General Virology", year = "2019", volume = "100", number = "7", pages = "1140-1152", doi = "https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001276", url = "https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.001276", publisher = "Microbiology Society", issn = "1465-2099", type = "Journal Article", keywords = "HIV-1 restriction", keywords = "Vif", keywords = "myeloid cell line THP-1", keywords = "APOBEC3G", keywords = "G to A hypermutation", abstract = "HIV-1 replication in CD4-positive T lymphocytes requires counteraction of multiple different innate antiviral mechanisms. Macrophage cells are also thought to provide a reservoir for HIV-1 replication but less is known in this cell type about virus restriction and counteraction mechanisms. Many studies have combined to demonstrate roles for APOBEC3D, APOBEC3F, APOBEC3G and APOBEC3H in HIV-1 restriction and mutation in CD4-positive T lymphocytes, whereas the APOBEC enzymes involved in HIV-1 restriction in macrophages have yet to be delineated fully. We show that multiple APOBEC3 genes including APOBEC3G are expressed in myeloid cell lines such as THP-1. Vif-deficient HIV-1 produced from THP-1 is less infectious than Vif-proficient virus, and proviral DNA resulting from such Vif-deficient infections shows strong G to A mutation biases in the dinucleotide motif preferred by APOBEC3G. Moreover, Vif mutant viruses with selective sensitivity to APOBEC3G show Vif null-like infectivity levels and similarly strong APOBEC3G-biased mutation spectra. Importantly, APOBEC3G-null THP-1 cells yield Vif-deficient particles with significantly improved infectivities and proviral DNA with background levels of G to A hypermutation. These studies combine to indicate that APOBEC3G is the main HIV-1 restricting APOBEC3 family member in THP-1 cells.", }