1887

Abstract

Triatoma virus (TrV) belongs to a new family of RNA viruses known as . Nucleotide sequence comparisons between different dicistroviruses allowed two putative internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs) in the TrV RNA to be defined: the 5′UTR IRES of 548 nt and the intergenic region (IGR) IRES of 172 nt. Using monocistronic and bicistronic RNAs, it was shown that the TrV genome contains two functional IRESs that mediate translation initiation in a cap-independent manner. In addition, it was found that the two TrV IRESs were able to direct efficient translation of reporter genes in microinjected oocytes, suggesting minimum requirements for host factors. The IGR IRES begins with a non-canonical CUC; however, mutations of this triplet to AUG or CCU did not impair IRES function, indicating that the CUC is not essential for the initiation process. Furthermore, translation efficiency from two TrV IRESs was differentially modulated by IFN- and viral infection.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80842-0
2005-08-01
2024-04-20
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/86/8/vir862275.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80842-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Beretta L., Gingras A. C., Svitkin Y. V., Hall M. N., Sonenberg N. 1996; Rapamycin blocks the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and inhibits cap-dependent initiation of translation. EMBO J 15:658–664
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Czibener C., La Torre J. L., Muscio O. A., Ugalde R. A., Scodeller E. A. 2000; Nucleotide sequence analysis of Triatoma virus shows that it is a member of a novel group of insect RNA viruses. J Gen Virol 81:1149–1154
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Domier L. L., McCoppin N. K., D'Arcy C. J. 2000; Sequence requirements for translation initiation of Rhopalosiphum padi virus ORF2. Virology 268:264–271 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Fernandez J., Yaman I., Sarnow P., Snider M. D., Hatzoglou M. 2002; Regulation of internal ribosomal entry site-mediated translation by phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2 α . J Biol Chem 277:19198–19205 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Gamarnik A. V., Andino R. 1996; Replication of poliovirus in Xenopus oocytes requires two human factors. EMBO J 15:5988–5998
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Gamarnik A. V., Boddeker N., Andino R. 2000; Translation and replication of human rhinovirus type 14 and mengovirus in Xenopus oocytes. J Virol 74:11983–11987 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Jan E., Sarnow P. 2002; Factorless ribosome assembly on the internal ribosome entry site of cricket paralysis virus. J Mol Biol 324:889–902 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Jan E., Kinzy T. G., Sarnow P. 2003; Divergent tRNA-like element supports initiation, elongation, and termination of protein biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:15410–15415 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Johnson K. N., Christian P. D. 1998; The novel genome organization of the insect picorna-like virus Drosophila C virus suggests this virus belongs to a previously undescribed virus family. J Gen Virol 79:191–203
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Kanamori Y., Nakashima N. 2001; A tertiary structure model of the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) for methionine-independent initiation of translation. RNA 7:266–274 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Katze M. G., He Y., Gale M. Jr 2002; Viruses and interferon: a fight for supremacy. Nat Rev Immunol 2:675–687 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Mayo M. A. 2002; A summary of taxonomic changes recently approved by ICTV. Arch Virol 147:1655–1663 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Mazumder B., Seshadri V., Fox P. L. 2003; Translational control by the 3′-UTR: the ends specify the means. Trends Biochem Sci 28:91–98 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Moore N. F., Reavy B., Pullin J. S. 1981; Processing of cricket paralysis virus induced polypeptides in Drosophila cells: production of high molecular weight polypeptides by treatment with iodoacetamide. Arch Virol 68:1–8 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Muscio O. A., La Torre J. L., Scodeller E. A. 1987; Small nonoccluded viruses from triatomine bug Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). J Invertebr Pathol 49:218–220 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Muscio O. A., La Torre J. L., Scodeller E. A. 1988; Characterization of Triatoma virus, a picorna-like virus isolated from the triatomine bug Triatoma infestans . J Gen Virol 69:2929–2934 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Muscio O. A., La Torre J., Bonder M. A., Scodeller E. A. 1997; Triatoma virus pathogenicity in laboratory colonies of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). J Med Entomol 34:253–256 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Pestova T. V., Lomakin I. B., Hellen C. U. 2004; Position of the CrPV IRES on the 40S subunit and factor dependence of IRES/80S ribosome assembly. EMBO Rep 5:906–913 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Sasaki J., Nakashima N. 2000; Methionine-independent initiation of translation in the capsid protein of an insect RNA virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:1512–1515 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Sasaki J., Nakashima N., Saito H., Noda H. 1998; An insect picorna-like virus, Plautia stali intestine virus, has genes of capsid proteins in the 3′ part of the genome. Virology 244:50–58 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Shibuya N., Nishiyama T., Kanamori Y., Saito H., Nakashima N. 2003; Conditional rather than absolute requirements of the capsid coding sequence for initiation of methionine-independent translation in Plautia stali intestine virus. J Virol 77:12002–12010 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Spahn C. M., Jan E., Mulder A., Grassucci R. A., Sarnow P., Frank J. 2004; Cryo-EM visualization of a viral internal ribosome entry site bound to human ribosomes: the IRES functions as an RNA-based translation factor. Cell 118:465–475 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Thompson S. R., Gulyas K. D., Sarnow P. 2001; Internal initiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediated by an initiator tRNA/eIF2-independent internal ribosome entry site element. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:12972–12977 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Wilson J. E., Powell M. J., Hoover S. E., Sarnow P. 2000; Naturally occurring dicistronic cricket paralysis virus RNA is regulated by two internal ribosome entry sites. Mol Cell Biol 20:4990–4999 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Woolaway K. E., Lazaridis K., Belsham G. J., Carter M. J., Roberts L. O. 2001; The 5′ untranslated region of Rhopalosiphum padi virus contains an internal ribosome entry site which functions efficiently in mammalian, plant, and insect translation systems. J Virol 75:10244–10249 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80842-0
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80842-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error