1887

Abstract

Bovine papillomaviruses of types 1 and 2 (BPV-1 and -2) chiefly contribute to equine sarcoid pathogenesis. However, the mode of virus transmission and the presence of latent infections are largely unknown. This study established a PCR protocol allowing detection of ≤10 copies of the BPV-1/-2 genes E5 and L1. Subsequent screening of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) DNA derived from horses with and without BPV-1/2-induced skin lesions demonstrated the exclusive presence of E5, but not L1, in PBMCs of BPV-1/2-infected equines. To validate this result, a blind PCR was performed from enciphered PBMC DNA derived from 66 horses, revealing E5 in the PBMCs of three individuals with confirmed sarcoids, whereas the remaining 63 sarcoid-free animals were negative for this gene. L1 could not be detected in any PBMC DNA, suggesting either deletion or interruption of this gene in PBMCs of BPV-1/-2-infected equines. These results support the hypothesis that PBMCs may serve as host cells for BPV-1/-2 DNA and contribute to virus latency.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.83568-0
2008-06-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/89/6/1390.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.83568-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Amtmann E., Muller H., Sauer G. 1980; Equine connective tissue tumors contain unintegrated bovine papilloma virus DNA. J Virol 35:962–964
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Angelos J. A., Marti E., Lazary S., Carmichael L. E. 1991; Characterization of BPV-like DNA in equine sarcoids. Arch Virol 119:95–109 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bloch N., Breen M., Spradbrow P. B. 1994; Genomic sequences of bovine papillomaviruses in formalin-fixed sarcoids from Australian horses revealed by polymerase chain reaction. Vet Microbiol 41:163–172 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bodaghi S., Wood L. V., Roby G., Ryder C., Steinberg S. M., Zheng Z.-M. 2005; Could human papillomaviruses be spread through blood?. J Clin Microbiol 43:5428–5434 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bogaert L., Martens A., De Baere C., Gasthuys F. 2005; Detection of bovine papillomavirus DNA on the normal skin and in the habitual surroundings of horses with and without equine sarcoids. Res Vet Sci 79:253–258 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bogaert L., Van Pouke M., De Baere C., Dewulf J., Peelman L., Ducatelle R., Gasthuys F., Martens A. 2007; Bovine papillomavirus load and mRNA expression, cell proliferation and p53 expression in four clinical types of equine sarcoid. J Gen Virol 88:2155–2161 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Bogaert L., Martens A., Van Poucke M., Ducatelle R., De Cook H., Dewulf J., De Baere C., Peelman L., Gasthuys F. 2008; High prevalence of bovine papillomaviral DNA in the normal skin of equine sarcoid-affected and healthy horses. Vet Microbiol (in press). (doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.11.008
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Campo M. S. 1998; Persistent infection by bovine papillomavirus. In Persistent Viral Infections pp 503–516Edited by Ahmed R., Chen. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing;
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Campo M. S., Jarrett W. F. H., O'Neil B. W., Barron R. J. 1994; Latent papillomavirus infection in cattle. Res Vet Sci 56:151–157 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Carr E. A., Theon A. P., Madewell B. R., Griffey S. M., Hitchcock M. E. 2001a; Bovine papillomavirus DNA in neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissues obtained from horses with and without sarcoids in the western United States. Am J Vet Res 62:741–744 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Carr E. A., Theon A. P., Madewell B. R., Hitchcock M. E., Schlegel R., Schiller J. T. 2001b; Expression of a transforming gene (E5) of bovine papillomavirus in sarcoids obtained from horses. Am J Vet Res 62:1212–1217 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Chambers G., Ellsmore V. A., O'Brien P. M., Reid S. W. J., Love S., Campo M. S., Nasir L. 2003a; Sequence variants of papillomavirus E5 in equine sarcoids. Virus Res 96:141–145 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Chambers G., Ellsmore V. A., O'Brien P. M., Reid S. W. J., Love S., Campo M. S., Nasir L. 2003b; The association of bovine papillomavirus with equine sarcoids. J Gen Virol 84:1055–1062 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. De Freitas A. C., De Carvalho C., Brunner O., Birgel E. H. Jr, Melville Paiva Dellalibera A. M., Benesi F. J., Gregory L., Beçak W., De Cassia Stocco dos Santos R. 2003; Viral DNA sequences in peripheral blood and vertical transmission of the virus: a discussion about BPV-1. Braz J Microbiol 34:76–78 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Deau M. C., Favre M., Orth G. 1991; Genetic heterogeneity among human papillomaviruses (HPV) associated with epidermodysplasia verruciformis: evidence for multiple allelic forms of HPV5 and HPV8 E6 genes. Virology 184:492–503 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Dong S. M., Pai S. I., Rha S. H., Hildesheim A., Kurman R. J., Schwartz P. E., Mortel R., McGowan L., Greenberg M. D. other authors 2002; Detection and quantitation of human papillomavirus DNA in the plasma of patients with cervical carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11:3–6
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Ferber M. J., Montoya D. P., Yu C., Aderca I., McGee A., Thorland E. C., Nagorney D. M., Gostout B. S., Burgart L. J. other authors 2003a; Integrations of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) into the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene in liver and cervical cancers. Oncogene 22:3813–3820 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Ferber M. J., Thorland E. C., Brink A. A. T. P., Rapp A. K., Phillips L. A., McGovern R., Gostout B. S., Cheung T. H., Chung T. K. H. other authors 2003b; Preferential integration of human papillomavirus type 18 near the c- myc locus in cervical carcinoma. Oncogene 22:7233–7242 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Greenspan D. L., Connolly D. C., Wu R., Lei R. Y., Vogelstein J. T. C., Kim Y.-T., Mok J. E., Muñoz N., Bosch F. X. other authors 1997; Loss of FHIT expression in cervical carcinoma cell lines and primary tumours. Cancer Res 57:4692–4698
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Kemp-Symonds J. G. 2000; The detection and sequencing of bovine papillomavirus type 1 and 2 DNA from Musca autumnalis (Diptera: Muscidae) face flies infesting sarcoid-affected horses. MSc thesis Royal Veterinary College; London, UK:
  21. Lacey M., Alpert S., Hanahan D. 1986; Bovine papillomavirus genome elicits skin tumours in transgenic mice. Nature 322:609–612 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Lancaster W. D. 1981; Apparent lack of integration of bovine papillomavirus DNA in virus-induced equine and bovine tumor cells and virus-transformed mouse cells. Virology 108:251–255 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Lancaster W. D., Theilen G. H., Olson C. 1979; Hybridization of bovine papilloma virus type 1 and type 2 DNA to DNA from virus-induced hamster tumors and naturally occurring equine tumors. Intervirology 11:227–233 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Liu V. W., Tsang P., Yip A., Ng T. Y., Wong L. C., Ngan H. Y. 2001; Low incidence of HPV DNA in sera of pretreatment cervical cancer patients. Gynecol Oncol 82:269–272 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Lowy D. R., Dvoretzky I., Shober R., Law M.-F., Engel L., Howley P. M. 1980; In vitro tumorigenic transformation by a defined sub-genomic fragment of bovine papillomavirus DNA. Nature 287:72–74 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Martens A., De Moor A., Demeulemeester J., Peelman L. 2001a; Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the surgical margins of equine sarcoids for bovine papilloma virus DNA. Vet Surg 30:460–467 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Martens A., De Moor A., Ducatelle R. 2001b; PCR detection of bovine papilloma virus DNA in superficial swabs and scrapings from equine sarcoids. Vet J 161:280–286 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Nasir L., Reid S. W. J. 1999; Bovine papillomaviral gene expression in equine sarcoid tumours. Virus Res 61:171–175 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Nasir L., McFarlane S. T., Torrontegui B. O., Reid S. W. J. 1997; Screening for bovine papillomavirus in peripheral blood cells of donkeys with and without sarcoids. Res Vet Sci 63:289–290 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Nasseri M., Meyers C., Wettstein F. O. 1989; Genetic analysis of CRPV pathogenesis: the L1 open reading frame is dispensable for cellular transformation but is required for papilloma formation. Virology 170:321–325 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Nixon C., Chambers G., Ellsmore V., Campo M. S., Burr P., Argyle D. J., Reid S. W. J., Nasir L. 2005; Expression of cell cycle associated proteins cyclin A, CDK-2, p27kip1 and p53 in equine sarcoids. Cancer Lett 221:237–245 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Olson C. Jr, Cook R. H. 1951; Cutaneous sarcoma-like lesions of the horse caused by the agent of bovine papilloma. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 77:281–284 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Ostrow R. S., Bender M., Nimura M., Seki T., Kawashima M., Pass F., Faras A. J. 1982; Human papillomavirus DNA in cutaneous primary and metastasized squamous cell carcinomas from patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79:1634–1638 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Ostrow R. S., Zachow K. R., Faras A. J. 1987; Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of several naturally occurring HPV-5 deletion mutant genomes. Virology 158:235–238 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Otten N., von Tscharner C., Lazary S., Antczak D. F., Gerber H. 1993; DNA of bovine papillomavirus type 1 and type 2 in equine sarcoids: PCR detection and direct sequencing. Arch Virol 132:121–131 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Pao C. C., Lin S. S., Maa J. S., Lai C. H., Hsieh T. T. 1991; Identification of human papillomavirus DNA sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Am J Clin Pathol 95:540–546
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Popescu N. C., Zimonjic D., DiPaolo J. A. 1990; Viral integration, fragile sites, and proto-oncogenes in human neoplasia. Hum Genet 84:383–386
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Ragland W. L., Spencer G. R. 1969; Attempts to relate bovine papilloma virus to the cause of equine sarcoid: equidae inoculated intradermally with bovine papilloma virus. Am J Vet Res 30:743–752
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Scase T. 2007; Papillomaviruses and squamous cell carcinoma. In Proceedings of the BEVA Congress 2007 pp 281–282 Edinburgh: 13–15 September 2007
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Scott D. W., Miller W. H. Jr 2003; Sarcoid. In Equine Dermatology pp 719–731 St Louis: Saunders;
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Stocco dos Santos R. C., Lindsey C. J., Ferraz O. P., Pinto J. R., Mirandola F. J., Benesi E. H., Birgel C. A. B., Beçak W. 1998; Bovine papillomavirus transmission and chromosomal aberrations: an experimental model. J Gen Virol 79:2127–2135
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Suzuki T., Tomita Y., Nakano K., Shirasawa H., Simizu B. 1995; Deletion in the L1 open reading frame of human papillomavirus type 6a genomes associated with recurrent laryngeal papilloma. J Med Virol 47:191–197 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Trenfield K., Spradbrow P. B., Vaneslow B. 1985; Sequences of papillomavirus DNA in equine sarcoids. Equine Vet J 17:449–452 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Voss J. L. 1969; Transmission of equine sarcoid. Am J Vet Res 30:183–191
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Wosiacki S. R., Barreiro M. A., Alfieri A. F., Alfieri A. A. 2005; Semi-nested PCR for detection and typing of bovine papillomavirus type 2 in urinary bladder and whole blood from cattle with enzootic haematuria. J Virol Methods 126:215–219 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Yuan Z., Philbey A. W., Gault E. A., Campo M. S., Nasir L. 2007; Detection of bovine papillomavirus type 1 genomes and viral gene expression in equine inflammatory skin conditions. Virus Res 124:245–249 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.83568-0
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.83568-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error