A highly cytopathogenic influenza C virus variant induces apoptosis in cell culture.

References

1. Bissonnette R. P., Echeverri F., Mahboubi A., Green D. R. 1992; Apoptotic cell death induced by c-myc is inhibited by bcl-2. Nature 359:552–554
   [Google Scholar]
2. Camilleri J. J., Maassab H. F. 1988; Characteristics of a persistent infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells with influenza C virus. Intervirology 29:178–184
   [Google Scholar]
3. Hardy C. T., Young S. A., Webster R. G., Naeve C. W., Owens R. J. 1995; Egg fluids and cells of the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs can select different variants of influenza A (H3N2) viruses. Virology 211:302–306
   [Google Scholar]
4. Hinshaw V. S., Olsen C. W., Dybdahl-Sissoko N., Evans D. 1994; Apoptosis: a mechanism of cell killing by influenza A and B viruses. Journal of Virology 68:3667–3673
   [Google Scholar]
5. Jones D. P., McConkey D. J., Nicotera P., Orrenius S. 1989; Calcium-activated DNA fragmentation in rat liver nuclei. Journal of Biological Chemistry 264:6398–6403
   [Google Scholar]
6. Manuguerra J.-C., Hannoun C., Nicolson C., Robertson J. S. 1993; Genic amplification of the entire coding region of the HEF RNA segment of influenza C virus. Journal of Virological Methods 41:59–76
   [Google Scholar]
7. Marschall M., Böswald C., Schuler A., Youzbashi E., Meier-Ewert H. 1993; Productive and non-productive phases during long-term persistence of influenza C virus. Journal of General Virology 74:2019–2023
   [Google Scholar]
8. Marschall M., Schuler A., Meier-Ewert H. 1996; Influenza C virus RNA is uniquely stabilized in a steady state during primary and secondary persistent infections. Journal of General Virology 77:681–686
   [Google Scholar]
9. Mori I., Komatsu T., Takeuchi K., Nakakuki K., Sudo M., Kimura Y. 1995; In vivo induction of apoptosis by influenza virus. Journal of General Virology 76:2869–2873
   [Google Scholar]
10. Olsen C. W., Kehren J. C., Dybdahl-Sissoko N. R., Hinshaw V. S. 1996; bcl-2 alters influenza virus yield, spread and hemagglutinin glycosylation. Journal of Virology 70:663–666
    [Google Scholar]
11. Robertson J. S. 1993; Clinical influenza virus and the embryonated hen’s egg. Reviews in Medical Virology 3:97–106
    [Google Scholar]
12. Shen Y., Shenk T. E. 1995; Viruses and apoptosis. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development 5:105–111
    [Google Scholar]
13. Takizawa T., Matsukawa S., Higuchi Y., Nakamura S., Nakanishi Y., Fukuda R. 1993; Induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis) by influenza virus infection in tissue culture cells. Journal of General Virology 74:2347–2355
    [Google Scholar]
14. Wagaman P. C., Spence H. A., O’Callaghan R. J. 1989; Detection of influenza C virus by using an in situ esterase assay. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 27:832–836
    [Google Scholar]
15. Williams G. T., Smith C. A. 1993; Molecular regulation of apoptosis : genetic controls on cell death. Cell 74:777–779
    [Google Scholar]
16. Wyllie A. H., Kerr J. F. R., Currie A. R. 1980; Cell death: the significance of apoptosis. International Review of Cytology 68:251–306
    [Google Scholar]