1887

Abstract

Immunohistochemical analysis of peripheral lymph nodes from gnotobiotic calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) revealed extensive deposition of E and localization of the viral genome in the light zone of germinal centres. Viral antigen co-localized with immunoglobulin in the germinal centres and was shown to be extracellular. Despite the presence of viral antigen in germinal centres, circulating anti-BVDV antibody was not detected. These findings provide evidence that calves persistently infected with BVDV, in the absence of adventitious infection, can generate a B cell response to the persisting virus. The nature of the tolerance in calves persistently infected with BVDV is discussed in light of these findings.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-81-7-1669
2000-07-01
2024-04-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/81/7/0811669a.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-81-7-1669&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Azazy, A. A., Devaney, E. & Chance, M. L. (1994). A PEG-ELISA for the detection of Leishmania donovani antigen in circulating immune complexes. Transactions of the Royal Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 88, 62-66.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bachmann, M. F. (1998). The role of germinal centres for antiviral B cell responses. Immunological Research 17, 329-344.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bachmann, M. F., Odermatt, B., Hengartner, H. & Zinkernagel, R. M. (1996). Induction of long-lived germinal centres associated with persisting antigen after viral infection. Journal of Experimental Medicine 183, 2259-2269.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bielefeldt Ohmann, H. (1983). Pathogenesis of bovine viral diarrhoea-mucosal disease: distribution and significance of BVDV antigen in diseased calves. Research in Veterinary Science 34, 5-10. [Google Scholar]
  5. Bielefeldt Ohmann, H. (1988). BVD virus antigens in tissues of persistently viraemic, clinically normal cattle: implications for the pathogenesis of clinically fatal disease. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 29, 77-84. [Google Scholar]
  6. Bolin, S. R. (1995). The pathogenesis of mucosal disease. Veterinary Clinics of North America 11, 489-498. [Google Scholar]
  7. Brownlie, J., Clarke, M. C. & Howard, C. J. (1984). Experimental production of fatal mucosal disease in cattle. Veterinary Record 114, 535-536.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  8. Collins, M. E., Desport, M. & Brownlie, J. (1999). Bovine viral diarrhea quasispecies during persistent infection. Virology 259, 85-98.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  9. Desport, M., Collins, M. E. & Brownlie, J. (1994). Detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus RNA by in situ hybridization with digitoxenin-labelled riboprobes. Intervirology 37, 269-276. [Google Scholar]
  10. Duffell, S. J. & Harkness, J. W. (1985). Bovine virus diarrhoea – mucosal disease infection in cattle. Veterinary Record 117, 240-245.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fray, M. D., Prentice, H., Clarke, M. C. & Charleston, B. (1998). Immunohistochemical evidence for the localisation of bovine viral diarrhoea virus, a single-stranded RNA virus, in ovarian oocytes in the cow. Veterinary Pathology 35, 253-259.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  12. Fritzemeier, J., Haas, L., Liebler, E., Moennig, V. & Greiser-Wilke, I. (1997). The development of early vs late onset mucosal disease is a consequence of two different pathogenic mechanisms. Archives of Virology 142, 1335-1350.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  13. Harlow, E. & Lane, D. (1988).Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
  14. Howard, C. J., Clarke, M. C. & Brownlie, J. (1985). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in cattle sera. Veterinary Microbiology 10, 359-369.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  15. Lennard, S. N., Stewart, F. & Allen, W. R. (1995). IGF-II gene expression in the fetus and placenta of the horse during the first half of gestation. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 130, 169-179. [Google Scholar]
  16. Liu, Y.-J. & Arpin, C. (1997). Germinal centre development. Immunological Reviews 156, 111-126.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  17. Oldstone, M. B. A. & Dixon, F. J. (1967). Lymphocytic choriomeningitis: production of antibody by ‘tolerant’ infected mice. Science 158, 1193-1195.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  18. Paton, D. J., Gunn, M., Sands, J., Yapp, F., Drew, T., Vilcek, S. & Edwards, S. (1997). Establishment of serial persistent infections with bovine viral diarrhoea virus in cattle and sheep and changes in epitope expression related to host species. Archives of Virology 142, 929-938.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  19. Rümenapf, T., Unger, G., Strauss, J. H. & Thiel, H.-J. (1993). Processing of the envelope glycoproteins of pestiviruses. Journal of Virology 67, 3288-3294. [Google Scholar]
  20. Susa, M., Konig, M., Saalmüller, A., Reddehase, J. M. & Thiel, H.-J. (1992). Pathogenesis of classical swine fever: B-lymphocyte deficiency caused by hog cholera virus. Journal of Virology 66, 1171-1175. [Google Scholar]
  21. Tew, J. G., Wu, J., Qin, D., Helm, S., Burton, G. F. & Szakal, A. K. (1997). Follicular dendritic cells and presentation of antigen and costimulatory signals to B cells. Immunological Reviews 156, 39-52.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  22. Weiland, F., Weiland, E., Unger, G., Saalmüller, A. & Thiel, H.-J. (1999). Localization of pestiviral envelope proteins Erns and E2 at the cell surface and on isolated particles. Journal of General Virology 80, 1157-1165. [Google Scholar]
  23. Williams, D. J. L., Newson, J. & Naessens, J. (1990). Quantitation of bovine immunoglobulin isotypes and allotypes using monoclonal antibodies.Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 24, 267-284.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  24. Zhang, G., Aldridge, S., Clarke, M. C. & McCauley, J. W. (1996). Cell death induced by cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus is mediated by apoptosis. Journal of General Virology 77, 1677-1681.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-81-7-1669
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-81-7-1669
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error