1887

Abstract

Nine male chimpanzees originally reared in solitary cages were set up to form a group. Plasma viral load of the lymphocryptovirus (LCV) of chimpanzee [Epstein–Barr virus chimpanzee (EBVcmp)] was measured by real-time PCR. In the group formation (Form) period, the first-ranking male showed an imminent increase in plasma EBVcmp load compared with 1 week before (pre-Form) and 3 months after (post-Form) group formation. Other upper-ranking males such as the second-, third- and fourth-male also showed the highest level of viral load in the Form period. The kinetics of EBVcmp load in the Form period were statistically different from other periods (against pre-Form, =−4.878, <0.001; against post-Form, =6.434, <0.001). The effect of the male dominance rank did not differ between the pre-Form and post-Form periods (=−1.557, =0.12). Reactivation of LCV (EBV) as an immunological stress marker for humans might also be applied to chimpanzees.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.022376-0
2010-08-01
2024-04-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/91/8/2049.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.022376-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Altmann J. 1974; Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour 49:227–267
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Boesch C., Boesch-Achermann H. 2000 The Chimpanzees of the Tai Forest: Behavioral Ecology and Evolution New York: Oxford University Press;
  3. Cohen J. I. 2000; Epstein–Barr virus infection. N Engl J Med 343:481–492
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Creel S. 2001; Social dominance and stress hormones. Trends Ecol Evol 16:491–497
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Gammell M. P., de Vries H., Jennings D. J., Carlin C. M., Hayden T. J. 2003; David's score: a more appropriate dominance ranking method than Clutton-Brock et al.'s index. Anim Behav 66:601–605
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Gärtner B. C., Kortmann K., Schäfer M., Mueller-Lantzsch N. 2000; No correlation in Epstein–Barr virus reactivation between serological parameters and viral load. J Clin Microbiol 38:2458
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Glaser R., Kiecolt-Glaser J. K. 2005; Stress-induced immune dysfunction: implications for health. Nat Rev Immunol 5:243–251
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Glaser R., Kiecolt-Glaser J. K., Speicher C. E., Holliday J. E. 1985; Stress, loneliness, and changes in herpesvirus latency. J Behav Med 8:249–260
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Glaser R., Kutz L. A., MacCallum R. C., Malarkey W. B. 1995; Hormonal modulation of Epstein–Barr virus replication. Neuroendocrinology 62:356–361
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Hoffmann D., Wolfarth B., Hörterer H. G., Halle M., Reichhuber C., Nadas K., Tora C., Erfle V., Protzer U., Schätzl H. M. 2010; Elevated Epstein–Barr virus loads and lower antibody titers in competitive athletes. J Med Virol 82:446–451
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Ishida T., Yamamoto K. 1987; Survey of nonhuman primates for antibodies reactive with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) antigens and susceptibility of their lymphocytes for immortalization with EBV. J Med Primatol 16:359–371
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Ishida T., Suzuki J., Yamamoto K. 1993; Serological features of infection with an Epstein–Barr-virus-like agent in Japanese macaques ( Macaca fuscata ). Folia Primatol (Basel) 61:228–233
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Kiecolt-Glaser J. K., Glaser R. 1987 Psychosocial Influences on Herpesvirus Latency, Viruses, Immunity, and Mental Disorders New York: Plenum;
  14. Luderer R., Kok M., Niesters H. G., Schuurman R., de Weerdt O., Thijsen S. F. 2005; Real-time Epstein–Barr virus PCR for the diagnosis of primary EBV infections and EBV reactivation. Mol Diagn 9:195–200
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Macsween K. F., Crawford D. H. 2003; Epstein–Barr virus-recent advances. Lancet Infect Dis 3:131–140
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Masataka N., Ishida T., Suzuki J., Matsumura S., Udono S., Sasaoka S. 1990; Dominance and immunity in chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes . Ethology 85:147–155
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Maurmann S., Fricke L., Wagner H. J., Schlenke P., Hennig H., Steinhoff J., Jabs W. J. 2003; Molecular parameters for precise diagnosis of asymptomatic Epstein–Barr virus reactivation in healthy carriers. J Clin Microbiol 41:5419–5428
    [Google Scholar]
  18. McGeoch D. J., Gatherer D., Dolan A. 2005; On phylogenetic relationships among major lineages of the gammaherpesvirinae. J Gen Virol 86:307–316
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Muller M. N., Wrangham R. W. 2004; Dominance, cortisol and stress in wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 55:332–340
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Noë R., de Waal F. B. M. 1980; Types of dominance in a chimpanzee colony. Folia Primatol (Basel) 34:90–110
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Nonoyama M., Pagano J. S. 1973; Homology between Epstein–Barr virus DNA and viral DNA from Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma determined by DNA–DNA reassociation kinetics. Nature 242:44–47
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Padgett D. A., Sheridan J. F., Dorne J., Berntson G. G., Candelora J., Glaser R. 1998; Social stress and the reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus type 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:7231–7235
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Payne D. A., Mehta S. K., Tyring S. K., Stowe R. P., Pierson D. L. 1999; Incidence of Epstein–Barr virus in astronauts saliva during spaceflight. Aviat Space Environ Med 70:1211–1213
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Pierson D. L., Stowe R. P., Phillips T. M., Lugg D. J., Mehta S. K. 2005; Epstein–Barr virus shedding by astronauts during space flight. Brain Behav Immun 19:235–242
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Saiki R. K., Gelfand D. H., Stoffel S. 1988; Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 239:487–491
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Sapolsky R. M. 2005; The influence of social hierarchy on primate health. Science 308:648–652
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Sarid O., Anson O., Yaari A., Margalith M. 2001; Epstein–Barr virus specific salivary antibodies as related to stress caused by examinations. J Med Virol 64:149–156
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Stowe R. P., Pierson D. L., Barrett A. D. T. 2001; Elevated stress hormone levels relate to Epstein–Barr virus reactivation. Psychosom Med 63:891–895
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Uhara H., Sato Y., Mukai K. 1990; Detection of Epstein–Barr virus DNA in Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease using the polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. Jpn J Cancer Res 81:272–278
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.022376-0
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.022376-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

Supplementary material 1

PDF
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error