1887

Abstract

The full complement of genes encoded by (ORFV) is not yet known. A cDNA library was constructed using mRNA isolated 5 h post-infection from cells infected with ORFV and grown in the presence of cytosine arabinoside. Using 12 non-overlapping probes representing the entire genome of the Orf-11 strain of the virus, cDNA clones representing individual genes expressed early in infection were isolated. Thirty-eight early genes were identified, either via isolation of their cDNA from the library or via Northern blotting. Twenty-nine of the isolated cDNAs represented orthologues of other poxvirus genes or had been identified previously as genes of ORFV, whilst seven appeared unrelated to any known poxvirus gene or indeed to any known gene in the DNA databases. The sequences described in this paper constitute approximately 30 kb of the ORFV genome and contain the complete or partial sequence of 47 genes.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.19455-0
2003-11-01
2024-04-26
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/84/11/vir842993.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.19455-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Afonso C. L., Tulman E. R., Lu Z., Zsak L., Kutish G. F., Rock D. L. 2000; The genome of fowlpox virus. J Virol 74:3815–3831
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Afonso C. L., Tulman E. R., Lu Z., Zsak L., Osorio F. A., Balinsky C., Kutish G. F., Rock D. L. 2002; The genome of swinepox virus. J Virol 76:783–790
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Cooper J. A., Moss B. 1979; In vitro translation of immediate early, early, and late classes of RNA from vaccinia virus-infected cells. Virology 96:368–380
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Cottone R., Buttner M., Bauer B., Henkel M., Hettich E., Rziha H. J. 1998; Analysis of genomic rearrangement and subsequent gene deletion of the attenuated orf virus strain D1701. Virus Res 56:53–67
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Cottone R., Buttner M., McInnes C. J., Wood A. R., Rziha H. J. 2002; Orf virus encodes a functional dUTPase gene. J Gen Virol 83:1043–1048
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Deane D., McInnes C. J., Percival A. 7 other authors 2000; Orf virus encodes a novel secreted protein inhibitor of granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2. J Virol 74:1313–1320
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Fleming S. B., Fraser K. M., Mercer A. A., Robinson A. J. 1991; Vaccinia virus-like early transcriptional control sequences flank an early gene in orf virus. Gene 97:207–212
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Fleming S. B., Mercer A. A., Fraser K. M., Lyttle D. J., Robinson A. J. 1992; In vivo recognition of orf virus early transcriptional promoters in a vaccinia virus recombinant. Virology 187:464–471
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Fleming S. B., Blok J., Fraser K. M., Mercer A. A., Robinson A. J. 1993; Conservation of gene structure and arrangement between vaccinia virus and orf virus. Virology 195:175–184
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Fleming S. B., Lyttle D. J., Sullivan J. T., Mercer A. A., Robinson A. J. 1995; Genomic analysis of a transposition-deletion variant of orf virus reveals a 3·3 kbp region of non-essential DNA. J Gen Virol 76:2969–2978
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Fleming S. B., McCaughan C. A., Andrews A. E., Nash A. D., Mercer A. A. 1997; A homolog of interleukin-10 is encoded by the poxvirus orf virus. J Virol 71:4857–4861
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Fleming S. B., Haig D. M., Nettleton P., Reid H. W., McCaughan C. A., Wise L. M., Mercer A. 2000; Sequence and functional analysis of a homolog of interleukin-10 encoded by the parapoxvirus orf virus. Virus Genes 21:85–95
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Fraser K. M., Hill D. F., Mercer A. A., Robinson A. J. 1990; Sequence analysis of the inverted terminal repetition in the genome of the parapoxvirus, orf virus. Virology 176:379–389
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Haig D. M., Mercer A. A. 1998; Ovine diseases. Orf. Vet Res 29:311–326
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Imlach W., McCaughan C. A., Mercer A. A., Haig D., Fleming S. B. 2002; Orf virus-encoded interleukin-10 stimulates the proliferation of murine mast cells and inhibits cytokine synthesis in murine peritoneal macrophages. J Gen Virol 83:1049–1058
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Lyttle D. J., Fraser K. M., Fleming S. B., Mercer A. A., Robinson A. J. 1994; Homologs of vascular endothelial growth factor are encoded by the poxvirus orf virus. J Virol 68:84–92
    [Google Scholar]
  17. McDonald W. F., Crozel-Goudot V., Traktman P. 1992; Transient expression of the vaccinia virus DNA polymerase is an intrinsic feature of the early phase of infection and is unlinked to DNA replication and late gene expression. J Virol 66:534–547
    [Google Scholar]
  18. McInnes C., Haig D., Logan M. 1993; The cloning and expression of the gene for ovine interleukin-3 (multi-CSF) and a comparison of the in vitro hematopoietic activity of ovine IL-3 with ovine GM-CSF and human M-CSF. Exp Hematol 21:1528–1534
    [Google Scholar]
  19. McInnes C. J., Wood A. R., Mercer A. A. 1998; Orf virus encodes a homolog of the vaccinia virus interferon-resistance gene E3L. Virus Genes 17:107–115
    [Google Scholar]
  20. McInnes C. J., Wood A. R., Nettleton P. F., Gilray J. A. 2001; Genomic comparison of an avirulent strain of Orf virus with that of a virulent wild type isolate reveals that the Orf virus G2L gene is non-essential for replication. Virus Genes 22:141–150
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Menna A., Wittek R., Bachmann P. A., Mayr A., Wyler R. 1979; Physical characterization of a stomatitis papulosa virus genome: a cleavage map for the restriction endonucleases Hin dIII and Eco RI. Arch Virol 59:145–156
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Mercer A. A., Fraser K. M., Stockwell P. A., Robinson A. J. 1989; A homologue of retroviral pseudoproteases in the parapoxvirus, orf virus. Virology 172:665–668
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Mercer A. A., Lyttle D. J., Whelan E. M., Fleming S. B., Sullivan J. T. 1995; The establishment of a genetic map of orf virus reveals a pattern of genomic organization that is highly conserved among divergent poxviruses. Virology 212:698–704
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Mercer A. A., Fraser K. M., Esposito J. J. 1996a; Gene homology between orf virus and smallpox variola virus. Virus Genes 13:175–178
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Mercer A. A., Green G., Sullivan J. T., Robinson A. J., Drillien R. 1996b; Location, DNA sequence and transcriptional analysis of the DNA polymerase gene of orf virus. J Gen Virol 77:1563–1568
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Meyer M., Clauss M., Lepple-Wienhues A. 7 other authors 1999; A novel vascular endothelial growth factor encoded by Orf virus, VEGF-E, mediates angiogenesis via signalling through VEGFR-2 (KDR) but not VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) receptor tyrosine kinases. EMBO J 18:363–374
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Rziha H.-J., Bauer B., Adam K.-H., Rottgen M., Cottone R., Henkel M., Dehio C., Buttner M. 2003; Relatedness and heterogeneity at the near-terminal end of the genome of a parapoxvirus bovis 1 strain (B177) compared with parapoxvirus ovis ( Orf virus ). J Gen Virol 84:1111–1116
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Savory L. J., Stacker S. A., Fleming S. B., Niven B. E., Mercer A. A. 2000; Viral vascular endothelial growth factor plays a critical role in orf virus infection. J Virol 74:10699–10706
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Sullivan J. T., Fleming S. B., Robinson A. J., Mercer A. A. 1995a; Sequence and transcriptional analysis of an orf virus gene encoding ankyrinlike repeat sequences. Virus Genes 9:277–282
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Sullivan J. T., Fraser K. M., Fleming S. B., Robinson A. J., Mercer A. A. 1995b; Sequence and transcriptional analysis of a near-terminal region of the orf virus genome. Virus Genes 11:21–29
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Wise L. M., Veikkola T., Mercer A. A. 7 other authors 1999; Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-like protein from orf virus NZ2 binds to VEGFR2 and neuropilin-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:3071–3076
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Wittek R., Kuenzle C. C., Wyler R. 1979; High C+G content in parapoxvirus DNA. J Gen Virol 43:231–234
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.19455-0
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.19455-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error