1887

Abstract

Equine rhinitis A virus strain 393/76 (ERAV.393/76) was passaged in the presence of post-infection ERAV.393/76 equine polyclonal antiserum (EPA). Viruses with increased resistance to neutralization by EPA were obtained after 15 passages. Compared with the parent virus, five plaque-purified, neutralization-resistant mutant viruses, in addition to the non-plaque-purified viruses that were examined, had a Glu→Lys change at position 658, which is located in the predicted E–F (EF) loop of VP1. Rabbit antiserum was prepared against the isolated EF loop of ERAV.393/76 VP1 expressed as a fusion protein with glutathione -transferase. This antiserum bound to purified ERAV.393/76 in Western blots, but not to the neutralization-resistant mutant virus or to ERAV.PERV/62, a naturally occurring ERAV strain that has a Lys residue at position 658. These results suggest that the EF loop of VP1 is involved in a neutralization epitope of ERAV.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80175-0
2004-09-01
2024-04-27
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/85/9/vir852545.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80175-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Acharya R., Fry E., Stuart D., Fox G., Rowlands D., Brown F. 1989; The three-dimensional structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus at 2·9 Å resolution. Nature 337:709–716 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Baranowski E., Ruiz-Jarabu C. M., Lim F., Domingo E. 2001; Foot-and-mouth disease virus lacking the VP1 G–H loop: the mutant spectrum uncovers interactions among antigenic sites for fitness gain. Virology 288:192–202 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Berinstein A., Roivainen M., Hovi T., Mason P. W., Baxt B. 1995; Antibodies to the vitronectin receptor (integrin α V β 3) inhibit binding and infection of foot-and-mouth disease virus to cultured cells. J Virol 69:2664–2666
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Crabb B. S., Nagesha H. S., Studdert M. J. 1992; Identification of equine herpesvirus 4 glycoprotein G: a type-specific, secreted glycoprotein. Virology 190:143–154 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Hartley C. A., Ficorilli N., Dynon K., Drummer H. E., Huang J., Studdert M. J. 2001; Equine rhinitis A virus: structural proteins and immune response. J Gen Virol 82:1725–1728
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Hughes A. L. 1992; Positive selection and intrallelic recombination at the merozoite surface antigen-1 (MSA-1) locus of Plasmodium falciparum . Mol Biol Evol 9:381–393
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Hughes M. K., Hughes A. L. 1995; Natural selection on Plasmodium surface proteins. Mol Biochem Parasitol 71:99–113 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Jackson T. J., Sheppard D., Denyer M., Blakemore W., King A. M. Q. 2000; The epithelial integrin α v β 6 is a receptor for foot-and-mouth disease virus. J Virol 74:4949–4956 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Kriegshäuser G., Wutz G., Lea S., Stuart D., Skern T., Kuechler E. 2003; Model of the equine rhinitis A virus capsid: identification of a major neutralizing immunogenic site. J Gen Virol 84:2365–2373 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Lea S., Abu-Ghazaleh R., Blakemore W. 7 other authors 1995; Structural comparison of two strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus subtype O1 and a laboratory antigenic variant G67. Structure 3:571–580 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Li F., Browning G. F., Studdert M. J., Crabb B. S. 1996; Equine rhinovirus 1 is more closely related to foot-and-mouth disease virus than to other picornaviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:990–995 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Li F., Drummer H. E., Ficorilli N., Studdert M. J., Crabb B. S. 1997; Identification of noncytopathic equine rhinovirus 1 as a cause of acute febrile respiratory disease in horses. J Clin Microbiol 35:937–943
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Neff S., Sá-Carvalho D., Rieder E., Mason P., Blystone S. D., Brown E. J., Baxt B. 1998; Foot-and-mouth disease virus virulent for cattle utilizes the integrin α v β 3 as its receptor. J Virol 72:3587–3594
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Newman J. F. E., Rowlands D. J., Brown F. 1973; A physiochemical sub-grouping of the mammalian picornaviruses. J Gen Virol 18:171–180 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Ping L. H., Lemon S. M. 1992; Antigenic structure of human hepatitis A virus defined by analysis of escape mutants selected against murine monoclonal antibodies. J Virol 66:2208–2216
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Plummer G. 1963; An equine respiratory enterovirus: some biological and physical properties. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 12:694–700 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Rueckert R. R. 1996; Picornaviridae : the viruses and their replication. In Fields Virology , 3rd edn. pp  609–654 Edited by Fields B. N., Knipe D. M., Howley P. M. Philadelphia: Lippincott–Raven;
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Rueckert R. R. 2001; Picornaviridae : the viruses and their replication. In Fields Virology , 4th edn. pp  685–722 Edited by Knipe D. M., Howley P. M. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Rueckert R., Pallansch M. A. 1981; Preparation and characterization of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus. Methods Enzymol 78:315–327
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Schiappacassi M., Rojas E., Carrillo E., Campos R. 1995; Response of foot-and-mouth disease virus C3 Resende to immunological pressure exerted in vitro by antiviral polyclonal sera. Virus Res 36:77–85 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Stanway G. 1990; Structure, function and evolution of picornaviruses. J Gen Virol 71:2483–2510 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Stevenson R. A., Hartley C. A., Huang J., Studdert M. J., Crabb B. S., Warner S. 2003; Mapping epitopes in equine rhinitis A virus VP1 recognized by antibodies elicited in response to infection of the natural host. J Gen Virol 84:1607–1612 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Studdert M. J., Gleeson L. J. 1978; Isolation and characterization of an equine rhinovirus. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 25:225–237
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Usherwood E. J., Nash A. A. 1995; Lymphocyte recognition of picornaviruses. J Gen Virol 76:499–508 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Varrasso A., Drummer H. E., Huang J., Stevenson R. A., Ficorilli N., Studdert M. J., Hartley C. A. 2001; Sequence conservation and antigenic variation of the structural proteins of equine rhinitis A virus. J Virol 75:10550–10556 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Warner S., Hartley C. A., Stevenson R. A., Ficorilli N., Varrasso A., Studdert M. J., Crabb B. S. 2001; Evidence that equine rhinitis A virus is a target of neutralizing antibodies and participates directly in receptor binding. J Virol 75:9274–9281 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Wutz G., Auer H., Nowotny N., Grosse B., Skern T., Kuechler E. 1996; Equine rhinovirus serotypes 1 and 2: relationship to each other and to aphthoviruses and cardioviruses. J Gen Virol 77:1719–1730 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80175-0
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80175-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error