- Volume 66, Issue 9, 1985
Volume 66, Issue 9, 1985
- Animal
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Enhanced Intranuclear Expression of Measles Virus Following Exposure of Persistently Infected Cells to Cyclic AMP
More LessSUMMARYThe intracellular distribution of measles virus inclusion bodies in persistently infected human cells (AV3A1/MV) changed markedly following continuous exposure to 3′,5′ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). When assayed by immunofluorescence, the number of cells with intranuclear virus inclusions increased from 5 to 10% to 80 to 90% after exposure to 1 mm-cAMP for 4 days. Exposure of cells to cAMP also resulted in a twofold increase in the average number of inclusions in invaded nuclei. Similar but less pronounced changes occurred in cells treated with inducers of adenylate cyclase and an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase. Examination of cAMP-treated cells by electron microscopy indicated that viral inclusion bodies consisted of typical helical nucleocapsids. No evidence of nucleocapsids crossing the nuclear membrane (through nuclear pores) was found.
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Induction of Chronic Measles Encephalitis in C57BL/6 Mice
More LessSUMMARYChronic measles encephalitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice with the hamster neurotropic strain of measles virus when virus which had been passaged at low dilution in the brains of suckling C57BL/6 mice was inoculated intracerebrally into 1- to 6-month-old mice. One-third to two-thirds of mice surviving the acute infection were consistently found to develop chronic neurologic dysfunction within 3 weeks to 1 year post-infection. The acute mortality was higher in males than in females and showed a slight decline with increasing age in males. Indirect immunofluorescence (IF) studies using measles virus-specific sera from a subacute sclerosing panencephalitis patient and from a hyperimmune rabbit demonstrated abundant viral antigen in regions of telencephalon and diencephalon correlated with the appearance of typical central nervous system signs in both acute and chronic disease. Viral antigen was found in infected neurons in the grey matter. Deposition of immune complexes was minimal as observed in adjacent brain sections stained with goat anti-mouse antibody by direct IF. Occasional necrotic foci and perivascular cuffing were observed in brains from chronically infected mice.
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- Plant
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Evidence that Broad Bean Yellow Band Virus Is a New Serotype of Pea Early-browning Virus
More LessSUMMARYNucleic acid hybridization tests with cDNA made by the random priming method showed that broad bean yellow band virus (BBYBV) is as closely related to the British and Dutch serotypes of pea early-browning virus (PEBV-B and PEBV-D) as they are to one another. No relationship was detected between BBYBV and either of two other tobraviruses, tobacco rattle and pepper ringspot viruses. BBYBV, PEBV-B and PEBV-D shared extensive nucleotide sequences in their larger genome segment (RNA-1) but differed greatly in the sequences in their RNA-2 and in the antigenic relatedness of their particles. Pseudorecombinant isolates were obtained by re-assorting the genome parts of PEBV-B and PEBV-D with those of BBYBV, which seems best considered as a third serotype of PEBV, designated PEBV-BBYB. The properties of the pseudorecombinants indicated that particle protein specificity and some symptoms in test plants are controlled by RNA-2. Other symptoms induced by the pseudorecombinants were unlike those of the parental strains, implicating both RNA-1 and RNA-2 in their genesis.
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Genome Properties and Relationships of Indian Peanut Clump Virus
More LessSUMMARYRNA extracted from the rod-shaped particles of Indian peanut clump virus (IPCV), strain L, consisted predominantly of two single-stranded species with mol. wt., estimated by gel electrophoresis of glyoxal-denatured samples, of 1.83 × 106 (RNA-1) and 1.35 × 106 (RNA-2). Both RNA-1 and RNA-2 were needed for lesion production in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Topcrop. Strong nucleotide sequence homologies were detected among three strains of IPCV by nucleic acid hybridization tests. Less strong homologies were found between these Indian isolates and peanut clump virus (PCV) from West Africa. These results, together with similarities in symptomatology, particle size and mode of natural spread, indicate that the Indian isolates are best considered to be strains of PCV. However, no relationship was detected by immunosorbent electron microscopy either between the three Indian strains or between these and the West African strain. Although PCV has properties typical of the proposed furovirus group, no serological relationship was detected between any of the four strains and beet necrotic yellow vein, potato mop-top or soil-borne wheat mosaic viruses.
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Infection of Cowpea Protoplasts with Cymbidium Ringspot Virus
More LessSUMMARYCowpea protoplasts became infected following inoculation either with particles of cymbidium ringspot virus (CyRSV) or with CyRSV RNA. About 50% of the protoplasts were infected by inocula that contained polyethylene glycol, but fewer were infected by inocula that contained poly-l-ornithine. About 20 pg of virus accumulated per infected protoplast. Cordycepin and actinomycin D inhibited virus multiplication in protoplasts inoculated with virus particles or with RNA, lowering both the proportion of protoplasts becoming infected and the virus yield per infected protoplast. Infected protoplasts supported the replication of a satellite RNA and reacted cytologically to infection by forming multivesicular bodies presumably derived from peroxisomes.
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- Fungal
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Intergeneric Occurrence of Related Fungal Viruses: the Aspergillus ochraceous Virus Complex and Its Relationship to the Penicillium stoloniferum Virus S
More LessSUMMARYMycoviruses from Aspergillus ochraceous (ATCC 28706) (AoV) and Penicillium stoloniferum (ATCC 14586) (PsV) were isometric, had diameters of 30 to 32 nm and 32 to 34 nm respectively, and resolved into six bands in CsCl at buoyant densities of 1.275 to 1.357 and 1.285 to 1.390 g/cm3, respectively. All properties of PsV were the same as previous reports except an additional RNA segment with a mol. wt. of 0.51 × 106 and a reverse in the ratio of the major and minor capsid polypeptides. The AoV complex contained nine segments of dsRNA with mol. wt. ranging from 1.12 × 106 to 0.38 × 106, and five thermomelting transition points between 76 and 88°C. It contained capsid polypeptides with mol. wt. of 60000, 51000 and 41000. One dsRNA segment (mol. wt. 1.10 × 106) and one capsid polypeptide (mol. wt. 51000) were common to AoV and PsV-S. Serological tests and virus electrophoresis indicated that at least two serologically distinct viruses were present in A. ochraceous. In double-diffusion serological tests one serological component of AoV and PsV reacted with antiserum of the other virus complex, indicating a serological relationship. A 32P-5′-end-labelled probe of AoV RNA hybridized with PsV RNA and a labelled PsV probe hybridized with AoV RNA. It was concluded that one viral component of the AoV complex is related to the PsV-S component of the PsV complex.
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- Corrigendum
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Volumes and issues
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Volume 105 (2024)
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Volume 1 (1967)