- Volume 67, Issue 8, 1986
Volume 67, Issue 8, 1986
- Animal
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Immunoreactivity of a Synthetic Pentadecapeptide Corresponding to the N-Terminal Region of the Scrapie Prion Protein
More LessSummaryA pentadecapeptide with an amino acid sequence corresponding to the amino-terminal region of the scrapie prion protein was synthesized. Immunization of a rabbit with the peptide conjugated with ovalbumin induced specific antibodies. The antibodies reacted with all three of the major polypeptides in a proteinase K-treated fraction obtained from brains of mice infected with the Obihiro strain of scrapie agent. Some peptides in the proteinase-untreated fraction also shared antigenicity with the three major polypeptides. Specific polypeptides were also detected by the antiserum in a fraction prepared from spleens, but only two of the three major polypeptides were found and the amounts of the polypeptides were less than in brain.
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- Plant
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A Viroid Resembling Hop Stunt Viroid in Grapevines from Europe, the United States and Japan
SummaryA viroid (GV) was isolated from grapevines recently introduced into Japan from France, West Germany, Austria, Hungary and U.S.A., as well as from those cultivated in Japan. It was detected in 28 out of 32 (88%) grapevines tested. The isolates of GV had similar host ranges and induced symptoms in cucumber plants identical to those induced by hop stunt viroid (HSV). The nucleotide sequences of four GV isolates, from France, West Germany, Hungary and Japan, were identical and these formed covalently closed circular molecules 297 nucleotides in length. This sequence differed from that of HSV in one nucleotide only and from that of the cucumber isolate of HSV in being six nucleotides smaller and having 15 nucleotides different (95% sequence homology). The result indicates that GV is a grapevine isolate of HSV and suggests that grapevines were the source of hop stunt disease in Japan.
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Cross-protection between Sunn-hemp Mosaic and Tobacco Mosaic Viruses
More LessSummaryCross-protection reactions of two tobamoviruses, sunn-hemp mosaic virus (SHMV) and common tobacco mosaic virus (TMV-C), were investigated and compared. A mutant of SHMV (SHMV-n), produced by nitrous acid treatment, induced necrotic lesions in bean. SHMV protected completely against this mutant and against SHMV-n RNA. SHMV in bean protected only weakly, however, against TMV-C. To determine whether the coat protein of these viruses affected the ability to superinfect, RNA of each virus was encapsidated in the coat protein of the other. TMV-C RNA encapsidated in SHMV coat protein was five- to 27-fold less infectious on SHMV-infected bean leaves than TMV-C RNA re-encapsidated in TMV-C coat protein. When homologous or heterologous coat protein was added to inocula, infectivity for healthy plants was diminished markedly more by homologous protein, suggesting that extraneous homologous protein diminished infectivity by inhibiting viral uncoating. SHMV-n RNA encapsidated in TMV-C coat protein did not superinfect SHMV-infected bean leaves. Thus, although coat protein was shown to be a factor in cross-protection in some situations, other factors must also be involved.
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Nucleotide Sequence of Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus RNA-2
More LessSummaryThe complete nucleotide sequence of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) RNA-2 has been determined from a study of cloned cDNA. The RNA sequence is 4612 nucleotides in length, excluding the poly(A) tail. There are six long open reading frames (ORFs) in the sequence. The viral coat protein cistron is the ORF nearest to the 5′ terminus and the coat protein amber termination codon is followed by a long in-phase ORF. A corresponding readthrough polypeptide with the coat protein sequence at its N terminus has been detected in previous in vitro translation studies. Four additional ORFs encoding potential polypeptides of mol. wt. 42000 (42K), 12.5K, 14.8K and 14.4K are present in the sequence and evidence is presented that the 42K polypeptide is expressed, probably from a subgenomic messenger RNA. There is extensive homology between sequences near the 3′ termini of RNA-2, RNA-3 and RNA-4 of BNYVV.
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Synthesis of Sonchus Yellow Net Virus Proteins in Infected Cowpea Protoplasts
More LessSummaryWe studied protein synthesis in cowpea protoplasts infected with Sonchus yellow net virus (SYNV). The structural viral proteins G, N, M1 and M2 were identified by immunoprecipitation. In addition, four high molecular weight proteins and two proteins with molecular weights of 52000 (p52) and 38000 (p38) were precipitated. One of the four high molecular weight proteins may represent the L protein; the others are possibly aggregates of the G protein or its unglycosylated form. The nature of proteins p52 and p38 is unclear. Structural viral proteins first appeared between 8 h and 12 h after inoculation. The G protein is glycosylated by N-glycoside-linked sugar residues. Glycosylation of the G protein was prevented by incubation of the protoplasts in 10 µg/ml tunicamycin. A protein, co-migrating with the M1 protein, was labelled with [32P]orthophosphate in protoplasts infected with SYNV, but not in controls of mock-inoculated protoplasts or protoplasts inoculated with cowpea mosaic virus.
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Component Proteins and Structure of Rice Ragged Stunt Virus
More LessSummaryRice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) particles consist of a polyhedral core particle approx. 50 nm in diameter to which are attached flat spikes about 20 nm wide and 10 nm high, giving a total diameter of about 70 nm. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of disrupted particles of RRSV gave five major polypeptides with mol. wt. of 145000 (145K), 137K, 72K, 47K and 37K. Core particles prepared by suspending particles in 0.5 m-MgCl2 contained the 145K, 137K, 72K proteins and relatively small amounts of the 37K protein, whereas the supernatant fluid recovered after centrifugation of the core particles contained the 47K and 37K proteins. The results suggest that the 145K, 137K and 72K proteins are core proteins and one or both of the 47K and 37K proteins are components of the spike. Immunoblotting experiments indicated that all the proteins are recognized as antigens, suggesting that RRSV particles are less stable than those of the phytoreoviruses, rice dwarf and rice gall dwarf viruses.
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- Fungal
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Capsid Polypeptides in a Group III Virus from Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici Are Related
N. Jamil and K. W. BuckSummaryPeptide mapping and amino acid analysis have shown that the two capsid polypeptides of a group III virus, 87-1-H, from Gaeumannomyces graminis are closely related.
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