Influenza virus naked RNA can be expressed upon transfection into cells co-expressing the three subunits of the polymerase and the nucleoprotein from simian virus 40 recombinant viruses

References

1. Beaton A. R., Krug R. M. 1984; Synthesis of the templates for influenza virion RNA replication in vitro. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 81:4682–4686
   [Google Scholar]
2. Beaton A. R., Krug R. M. 1986; Transcription antitermination during influenza viral template RNA synthesis requires the nucleocapsid protein and the absence of a 5′ capped end. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 83:6282–6286
   [Google Scholar]
3. Briedis D. J., Conti G., Munn E. A., Mahy B. W. J. 1981; Migration of influenza virus-specific polypeptides from cytoplasm to nucleus of infected cells. Virology 111:154–164
   [Google Scholar]
4. de la Luna S. 1989 Clonaje y expresiön de las subunidades de la polimerasa del virus de la gripe. Ph.D. thesis Universidad Autönoma de Madrid;
   [Google Scholar]
5. del Rio L., Martínez C., Domingo E., Ortin J. 1985; In vitro synthesis of full-length influenza virus complementary RNA. EMBO Journal 4:243–247
   [Google Scholar]
6. Detjen B. M., St Angelo C., Katze M. G., Krug R. M. 1987; The three influenza virus polymerase (P) proteins not associated with viral nucleocapsids in the infected cell are in the form of a complex. Journal of Virology 61:16–22
   [Google Scholar]
7. Enami M., Palese P. 1991; High efficiency formation of influenza virus transfectants. Journal of Virology 65:2711–2713
   [Google Scholar]
8. Enami M., Luytjes W., Krystal M., Palese P. 1990; Introduction of site-specific mutations into the genome of influenza virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 87:3802–3805
   [Google Scholar]
9. Gorman C. M., Moffat L. F., Howard B. H. 1982; Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase in mammalian cells. Molecular and Cellular Biology 2:1044–1051
   [Google Scholar]
10. Greenspan D., Krystal M., Nakada S., Arnheiter H., Lyles D. S., Palese P. 1985; Expression of influenza virus NS2 nonstructural protein in bacteria and localization of NS2 in infected eucaryotic cells. Journal of Virology 54:833–843
    [Google Scholar]
11. Herz C., Stavnezer E., Krug R. M., Gurney T. 1981; Influenza virus, an RNA virus, synthesizes its messenger RNA in the nucleus of infected cells. Cell 26391–400
    [Google Scholar]
12. Honda A., Ueda K., Nagata K., Ishihama A. 1988; RNA polymerase of influenza virus: role of NP in RNA chain elongation. Journal of Biochemistry, Tokyo 104:1021–1026
    [Google Scholar]
13. Huang T. S., Palese P., Krystal M. 1990; Determination of influenza virus proteins required for genome replication. Journal of Virology 645669–5673
    [Google Scholar]
14. Jackson D. A., Caton A. J., McCready S. J., Cook P. R. 1982; Influenza virus RNA is synthesized at fixed sites in the nucleus. Nature, London 296:366–368
    [Google Scholar]
15. Kimura N., Nishida M., Nagata K., Ishihama A., Oda K., Nakada S. 1992; Transcription of a recombinant influenza virus RNA in cells that can express the influenza virus RNA polymerase and nucleoprotein genes. Journal of General Virology 73:1321–1328
    [Google Scholar]
16. Koennecke I., Boschek C. B., Scholtissek C. 1981; Isolation and properties of a temperature-sensitive mutant (ts412) of the influenza virus recombinant with a lesion in the gene coding for the nonstructural protein. Virology 110:16–25
    [Google Scholar]
17. Li X., Palese P. 1992; Mutational analysis of the promoter required for influenza virus virion RNA synthesis. Journal of Virology 66:4331–4338
    [Google Scholar]
18. Lopez-Turiso J. A., Ortín J. 1988; Transfection of MDCK cells with influenza virus ribonucleoprotein complexes. Microbiología SEM 4:167–175
    [Google Scholar]
19. Lopez-Turiso J. A., Martinez C., Tanaka T., Ortin J. 1990; The synthesis of influenza virus negative-strand RNA takes place in insoluble complexes present in the nuclear matrix fraction. Virus Research 16:325–337
    [Google Scholar]
20. Luytjes W., Krystal M., Enami M., Parvin J. D., Palese P. 1989; Amplification, expression and packaging of a foreign gene by influenza virus. Cell 59:1107–1113
    [Google Scholar]
21. Martín J., Albo C., Ortín J., Melero J. A., Portela A. 1992; In vitro reconstitution of active influenza virus ribonucleoprotein complexes using viral proteins purified from infected cells. Journal of General Virology 73:1855–1859
    [Google Scholar]
22. Nieto A., de la Luna S., Barcena J., Portela A., Valcárcel J., Melero J. A., Ortín J. 1992; Nuclear transport of influenza virus polymerase PA protein. Virus Research 24:65–75
    [Google Scholar]
23. Odagiri T., Tobita K. 1990; Mutation in NS2, a non-structural protein of influenza A virus, extragenically causes aberrant replication and expression of the PA gene and leads to generation of defective interfering particles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 87:5988–5992
    [Google Scholar]
24. Portela A., de la Luna S., Melero J. A., Vara J., Jiménez A., Ortín J. 1985a; Regulation of gene amplification and expression in cells that constitutively express a temperature sensitive SV40 T-antigen. Nucleic Acids Research 13:7913–7927
    [Google Scholar]
25. Portela A., Melero J. A., Martinez C., Domingo E., Ortin J. 1985b; Oriented synthesis and cloning of influenza virus nucleoprotein cDNA that leads to its expression in mammalian cells. Virus Research 4:69–82
    [Google Scholar]
26. Seong B. L., Brownlee G. G. 1992; A new method for reconstituting influenza polymerase and RNA in vitro : a study of the promoter elements for cRNA and vRNA synthesis in vitro and viral rescue in vivo. Virology 186:247–260
    [Google Scholar]
27. Shapiro G. I., Krug R. M. 1988; Influenza virus RNA replication in vitro : synthesis of viral template RNAs and virion RNAs in the absence of an added primer. Journal of Virology 622285–2290
    [Google Scholar]
28. Shimizu K., Mullinix M. G., Chanock R. M., Murphy B. R. 1982; Temperature sensitive mutants of influenza A/Udorn/72(H3N2) virus. I. Isolation of temperature sensitive mutants some of which exhibit host dependent temperature sensitivity. Virology 117:38–44
    [Google Scholar]
29. Snyder M. H., London W. T., Maassab H. F., Chanock R. M., Murphy B. R. 1990; A 36 nucleotide deletion mutation in the coding region of the NS1 gene of an influenza A virus RNA segment 8 specifies a temperature-dependent host range phenotype. Virus Research 15:69–83
    [Google Scholar]
30. Takeuchi K., Nagata K., Ishihama A. 1987; In vitro synthesis of influenza viral RNA: characterization of an isolated nuclear system that supports transcription of influenza viral RNA. Journal of Biochemistry, Tokyo 101837–845
    [Google Scholar]
31. van Wire K. L., Bean W. J., Webster R. G. 1981; Monoclonal antibodies to the influenza A virus nucleoprotein affecting RNA transcription. Journal of Virology 39:313–317
    [Google Scholar]
32. Yamanaka K., Ogasawara N., Yoshikawa H., Ishihama A., Nagata K. 1991; In vivo analysis of the promoter structure of the influenza virus RNA genome using a transfection system with an engineered RNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 88:5369–5373
    [Google Scholar]